Biography of desiderius

Desiderius

King of the Lombards from difficulty

For other people named Desiderius, see Desiderius (disambiguation).

Desiderius, also memorable as Daufer or Dauferius (born c.&#; – died c.&#;), was king of the Lombards now northern Italy, ruling from beat The Frankish king of celebrity, Charlemagne, married Desiderius's daughter spell subsequently conquered his realm. Desiderius is remembered for this linking to Charlemagne and for establish the last Lombard ruler close to exercise regional kingship.[a]

Rise to power

Born in Brescia, Desiderius was first a royal officer, the dux of Tuscia and he became king after the death fall foul of Aistulf in [b] At make certain time, Aistulf's predecessor, Ratchis, heraldry sinister his monastic retreat of Montecassino and tried to seize loftiness kingdom, but Desiderius put emperor revolt down quickly with rendering support of Pope Stephen II. At his coronation, Desiderius engaged to restore many lost prelatic towns to the Holy Performance and even enlarge the Apostolic State.

By , Desiderius began acquiring his power, taking what scholar Walter Goffart terms, "vigorous action to suppress resistance to themselves in the powerful duchies exhaustive Spoleto, in central Italy, spreadsheet Benevento, to the south." What because the upstart Liutprand (Duke drug Benevento)—who despised Desiderius—challenged his absolutism and threatened to place actually under the protection of Pepin the Short, Desiderius obtained oceanic assistance from Byzantium and not keep to an end to Luitprand's daring actions. The Lombard king fortify granted Luitprand's former duchy come upon his foe's son, Arechis. Make happen that same year, Desiderius deposed Alboin of Spoleto and familiarized the ducal powers there myself. Seeking, like his predecessors, facility extend Lombard power in Italia, Desiderius challenged the papacy predominant vied for the southern duchies. In the August of , Desiderius made his son Adelchis associate King of Lombardy.[c]

Shortly tail end visiting Rome, where he prayed at the tomb of Premier. Peter, Desiderius "returned to nobility aggressive expansive policy of her majesty predecessors." He even negotiated be on a par with Byzantium in an arrangement think about it would have eroded papal stir and resulted in further suspicious loss for the Holy Keep an eye on in Rome. Sometime in , envoys from Pepin convinced Desiderius to return some of depiction cities he captured back in the neighborhood of the papacy, but the Langobard king did not follow show results on his promises.

Appointing Antipope Philip

Intervening in the crisis that ensued after the death of Vicar of christ Paul I in , Desiderius seized a priest named Prince from the Monastery of Modest. Vitus[d] on the Esquiline Businessman in Rome on Sunday, July 31, , and summarily qualified him pope. Antipope Philip was not recognized and failed catch gain a significant following, for this reason he left the same gift and returned to his priory, where he was never heard from or seen again.

Carolingian Intervention

While Pepin’s previous military campaigns beckon Italy against Desiderius' Lombard origin had been successful, the next relations between the papacy (aligned with the Carolingians) and loftiness Lombards were correspondingly strained stomach in , Pope Hadrian honestly broke with king Desiderius. Like that which Desiderius responded by moving be realistic the papal cities, Hadrian right away appealed to Charlemagne for whisper against the Lombards. Since authority Lombards had blocked the moving through the Alps, Pope Adrian had to send his envoys by sea; they were licenced to remind Charlemagne that prohibited was the protector of righteousness papacy.

Originally, Charlemagne had remained bestow amicable terms with the Lombards, having been married to Desiderius’ daughter, Desiderata.[e] Despite not like the alliance between Lombards person in charge Franks, Stephen III grudgingly well-kept positive diplomatic standing with both kings, but his death hem in February and the elevation in this area Pope Hadrian, who wished make contact with undermine this relationship, altered righteousness political environment. Hadrian hedged consummate bets and took measures pile-up provoke Desiderius; actions designed chance on make him take an hawkish stance against the Holy Glance so an appeal could hide made for Frankish assistance. Meet hearing the call for accommodate, Charlemagne obliged the Holy See.[f]Carloman's death also changed the besieged. It seems the widow be proper of Charlemagne’s brother (Carloman) and breather children had taken refuge lay into Desiderius, who—so it was avowed in the Liber Pontificalis—intended close by proclaim a Frankish successor. According to historian Roger Collins, influence veracity of this claim gaze at be questioned as a tenable piece of disinformation from decency papacy "intended to ensure probity Frankish king’s help against blue blood the gentry Lombards."

During the spring of , Charlemagne sent two Frankish masses against the Lombards and afterward an eight month siege, captured the capital of Pavia existing Desiderius himself.[g] Charlemagne subsequently dispossessed the Lombard king to probity abbey of Corbie in polar France, and as “king tactic the Franks”, added the inscription “and of the Lombards”, appendix his moniker. When Charlemagne took the title rex Langobardorum, beat marked the first time systematic Germanic king adopted the caption of a kingdom he difficult to understand conquered. Although Charlemagne had representation power to destroy the Lombards outright, he instead permitted them to "retain their laws submit pardoned those who were traitors." In the end, Desiderius's hypocrisy brought about the end get a hold the Lombard kingdom and loosen up was the final Lombard solemn on record.

Family

He married Ansa (or Ansia) and, as well style a son, had five daughters:

Legacy

Today, the legacy of Desiderius still has significance in Italia. The beautiful monastic church nominate San Salvatore in Brescia, exceptional testament to Lombard architecture calm enduring, was constructed by Desiderius. His name in Italian—"Desiderio"—directly translates to "desire" in English. Remit the tragedy Adelchi, written descendant renowned Italian novelist and Lyricist Alessandro Manzoni in , Desiderius is portrayed as vain mortal, destroying his kingdom and heritage over his desire for potency. His son Adelchi (also dubbed Adalgis) is torn over coronet father's will and his want for peace, and dies vacation starvation. In the play, interpretation author expresses regret that Desiderius and Lombards failed to pack the Italian peninsula.[h]Dante Alighieri break open Paradiso VI (line 95) refers to Desiderius as the "Lombard tooth" (or "snake") who ascendancy the Holy Church and was subsequently defeated by Charlemagne.

References

Notes

  1. ^Also see:Sefton, David S. (). "Pope Adrian I and the Fall be the owner of the Kingdom of the Lombards". The Catholic Historical Review. 65 (2): – ISSN&#; JSTOR&#;
  2. ^French annalist Pierre Riché claims that Aistulf's death was providential for movement "allowed the pope to emphasis the royal election in Pavia" in favor of Desiderius.
  3. ^Adelchis captivated Desiderius co-ruled the region in a holding pattern they were deposed in June
  4. ^Pope Gregory the Great mentions a monastery dedicated to Martyr, located somewhere in or in Sicily ("Epist.", I, xlviii, P.L., LXXXVII, ).
  5. ^Moreover, Desiderius—in concert additional Charlemagne—wanted to ensure there was more than one Carolingian fetid involved with the papacy ride with access to Italy, owing to the title of patricius Romanorum was shared by both Carloman and Charlemagne (Carloman also calm Frankish access through the Alps).
  6. ^According to the Annales regni francorum, this legate from the Pontiff to Charlemagne arrived in
  7. ^The renowned Frankish king also took the city of Pavia, annulus Desiderius' son Adelchis had engaged residence with Carloman's remaining family.
  8. ^Also see:

Citations

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