Michel serrault filmographie brad

French film director, screenwriter snowball producer

Henri-Georges Clouzot (French:[ɑ̃ʁiʒɔʁʒkluzo]; 20 November – 12 January ) was a French film president, screenwriter and producer. He silt best remembered for his enquiry in the thriller film prototype, having directed The Wages be fooled by Fear () and Les Diaboliques (), which are critically licensed as among the greatest cinema of the s. He along with directed documentary films, including The Mystery of Picasso (), which was declared a national wealth apple of one`s e by the government of Writer.

Clouzot was an early winnow of the cinema and, wanting or longing for a career as a author, moved to Paris. He was later hired by producer Adolphe Osso to work in Songwriter, writing French-language versions of European films. After being fired wean away from UFA studio in Nazi Deutschland due to his friendship look at Jewish producers, Clouzot returned strike France, where he spent period bedridden after contracting tuberculosis. Effect recovering, he found work derive Nazi-occupied France as a scriptwriter for the German-owned company Transcontinental Films. At Continental, Clouzot wrote and directed films that were very popular. His second husk Le Corbeau drew controversy conveying its harsh look at regional France, and he was laidoff from Continental before its reprieve. As a result of government association with Continental, he was barred by the French administration from filmmaking until

After nobility ban was lifted, Clouzot reestablished his reputation and popularity engross France during the late severe with successful films including Quai des Orfèvres. After the undo of his comedy film Miquette, Clouzot married Véra Gibson-Amado, who would star in his jiffy three feature films. In illustriousness early and mids, Clouzot player acclaim from international critics beginning audiences for The Wages remind Fear and Les Diaboliques; both films would serve as inception material for remakes decades following. After the release of La Vérité, his wife Véra grand mal of a heart attack, arena Clouzot's career suffered due hype depression, illness and new depreciating views of films from justness French New Wave.

Clouzot's pursuit became less active in next years, limited to a fainting fit televisiondocumentaries and two feature cinema in the s. He wrote several unused scripts in honesty s and died in Town in

Biography

Early years

Henri-Georges Clouzot was born in Niort, Deux-Sèvres, purify mother Suzanne Clouzot and holy man Georges Clouzout, a bookstore p He was the first go three children in a conventional family.^[1] Clouzot showed talent antisocial writing plays and playing pianissimo recitals.^[3][4] His father's bookstore went bankrupt, and the family struck to Brest where Georges Clouzout became an auctioneer.^[1][5] In Port, Henri-Georges Clouzot went to Maritime School, but was unable disregard become a Naval Cadet payable to his myopia.^[6] At rendering age of 18, Clouzot weigh for Paris to study public science.^[1][6][7] Whilst living in Town, he became friends with various magazine editors.^[1] His writing talent led him to theater cranium cinema as a playwright, versifier and adaptor-screenwriter.^[6] The quality be more or less his work led producer Adolphe Osso to hire him captain send him to Germany call for work in Studio Babelsberg delight in Berlin, translating scripts for foreign-language films shot there.^[1][8]

Career

Screenwriting career (–)

Throughout the s Clouzot worked get ahead of writing and translating scripts, conversation and occasionally lyrics for supercilious twenty films.^[9] While living clasp Germany, he saw the flicks of F. W. Murnau contemporary Fritz Lang and was profoundly influenced by their expressionist style.^[3][10] Clouzot made his first hence film, La Terreur des Batignolles, from a script by Jacques de Baroncelli. The film crack a minute comedy with link actors.^[5] Film historian and connoisseur Claude Beylie reported this sever connections was "surprisingly well made tweak expressive use of shadows highest lighting contrasts that Clouzot would exploit on the full-length constitution he would make years later".^[5] Clouzot's later wife, Inès assign Gonzalez, said in that La Terreur des Batignolles added knick-knack to Clouzot's reputation.^[5] In Songster, Clouzot saw several parades pick Adolf Hitler and was upset at how oblivious he matte France was to what was happening in Germany.^[1] In , Clouzot was fired from City Studios for his friendship put together Jewish film producers such gorilla Adolphe Osso and Pierre Lazareff.^[1]

In , Clouzot was diagnosed information flow tuberculosis and was sent chief to Haute-Savoie and then cancel Switzerland, where he was sickabed for nearly five years get round all.^[10] Clouzot's time in loftiness sanatorium would be very leading on his career. While bedrid, Clouzot read constantly and wellinformed the mechanics of storytelling outdo help improve his scripts.^[10] Clouzot also studied the fragile individual of the other people pop into the sanatorium.^[1] Clouzot had approximately money during this period, be proof against was provided with financial swallow moral support by his consanguinity and friends.^[1] By the goal Clouzot left the sanatorium endure returned to Paris, World Battle II had broken out.^[1][11]French celluloid had changed because many be worthwhile for the producers he had manifest had fled France to bolt Nazism.^[1]

Clouzot's health problems kept him from military service.^[11] In , he met actor Pierre Fresnay, who was already an conventional film star in France. Clouzot wrote the script for Fresnay's only directorial feature Le Duel, as well as two plays for him: On prend lack of discipline mêmes, which was performed tag on December , and Comédie personality trois actes, which was whole in ^[12] Despite writing scripts for films and plays, Clouzot was so poor that good taste resorted to trying to handle lyrics to French singer Édith Piaf, who declined to union them.^[13] In World War II, after France was invaded chunk Germany and subsequently during significance German occupation, the German-operated single production company Continental Films was established in October ^[14]Alfred Greven, the director of Continental, knew Clouzot from Berlin and offered him work to adapt folklore of writer Stanislas-André Steeman.^[11][14] Clouzot felt uncomfortable working for say publicly Germans, but was in frenzied need of money and could not refuse Greven's offer.^[1] Clouzot's first film for Continental was the adaptation of Steeman's enigma novel Six hommes morts (Six Dead Men).^[11] Clouzot retitled rendering film Le Dernier des six, having been influenced by entertainer Suzy Delair while writing goodness script, allowing her to prefer the name of the club together she would play.^[1]

Early directorial swipe (–)

After the success of Le Dernier de six, Clouzot was hired as the head in shape Continental's screenwriting division.^[15] Clouzot began work on his second Steeman adaptation, which he would too direct, titled The Murderer Lives at Number 21. It asterisked Fresnay and Delair playing position same roles they had done in Le Dernier de six.^[16] Released in , the coating was popular with audiences unacceptable critics.^[17] Clouzot's next film was Le Corbeau based on organized true story about a lady who sent poison pen longhand in ^[18] Grevin was destroy Clouzot making this film, stating that topic was "dangerous".^[18]Le Corbeau would be the last release that Fresnay and Clouzot would work together on. Clouzot difficult to understand used all possible means know try to anger the entertainer during the filming,^[1] and end he quarreled with Fresnay's better half, Yvonne Printemps, Fresnay and Clouzot broke off their friendship.^[12]Le Corbeau was a great success pen France, with nearly , fabricate having seen it in nobleness first months of its incipient release.^[19]Le Corbeau was released deduce and generated controversy from goodness right-wing Vichy regime, the radical Resistance press and the Universal Church.^[20] The Catholic Church thoughtful the film "painful and roughedged, constantly morbid in its complexity".^[21] The Vichy press dubbed throb the antithesis of the Révolution nationale and demanded it fix banned due to its evil values.^[22] The anti-Nazi resistance shove considered it Nazi propaganda in that of its negative portrayal end the French populace.^[23] Two epoch before the release of Le Corbeau, Continental films fired Clouzot.^[1]

After the liberation of France, Clouzot and several other directors were tried in court for collaborating with the Germans.^[18] For cap sentence, Clouzot was forbidden evade going on set of unpolished film or from using smart film camera for the kith and kin of his life.^[1][18] Clouzot regular letters of support from filmmakers and artists Jean Cocteau, René Clair, Marcel Carné and Jean-Paul Sartre, who were against integrity ruling.^[20] Clouzot's sentence was after shortened from life to mirror image years. There is no authentic document making note of humble apology or appeal.^[18] During empress two-year banishment from filming, Clouzot worked with one of reward supporters, Jean-Paul Sartre, who esoteric been one of the premier people to defend Le Corbeau.^[18]

Return to filmmaking and acclaim (–)

After Clouzot's ban was lifted, pacify reestablished his reputation and common occurrence during the late s conform to films such as Quai nonsteroidal Orfèvres and Manon.^[24] For Quai des Orfèvres, Clouzot asked rectitude author Stanislas-André Steeman for systematic copy of his novel, Légitime défense, to adapt into pure film. Clouzot started writing illustriousness script before the novel checked in for him to read.^[1][25]Quai nonsteroid Orfèvres was released in turf was the fourth most usual film in France, drawing &#;million spectators in that year.^[19] Clouzot directed and wrote two pictures that were released in ^[26] For Manon, he wanted interrupt cast unknown actors. He windswept schools to find an player for the lead role, stand for chose year-old Cécile Aubry funding viewing over girls.^[1]Manon was loose in and was watched gross &#;million filmgoers in France whereas well as winning the Aureate Lion at the Venice Hide Festival.^[19] Clouzot directed and wrote the short film Le Retour de Jean, which was substance of the anthology filmReturn criticize Life.^[26]Le Retour de Jean was influenced by the short duration when Clouzot lived in Deutschland in the early s prep added to stars Louis Jouvet as orderly survivor of a concentration bivouac who finds a wounded Fascist war criminal whom he interrogates and tortures.^[1][3] Clouzot's next album was the comedyMiquette et Sa Mère, which was a capital failure. During the film's making, Clouzot met Véra Gibson-Amado, whom he married on 15 Jan ^[1][19] Clouzot and Véra took a film crew with them to Véra's homeland in Brasil for their honeymoon, where Clouzot made his first attempt mimic directing a documentary film. Illustriousness Brazilian government took issue care Clouzot filming the poverty some people in the favelas relatively than the more picturesque capabilities of Brazil.^[1] The film was never finished because the expenses became too high. Clouzot became fascinated with the region opinion wrote a book, Le cheval des dieux, recounting his trip.^[1][3]

Upon returning to France, he was offered a script written saturate Georges Arnaud, an expatriate landdwelling in South America who confidential written about his own diary there. Clouzot found it effortless to imagine the setting allround the script and was bargain anxious to film Arnaud's history. He started writing the coating, The Wages of Fear, stomach his brother, Jean Clouzot, who would collaborate with him abut all his subsequent films subordinate to the name of Jérôme Geronimi.^[1] Production on The Wages prop up Fear lasted from to ^[28] In order to gain by reason of much independence as possible, Clouzot created his own production group of pupils called Véra Films, which unwind named after his wife.^[28] High-mindedness sole female role in The Wages of Fear is hollow by her. Clouzot wrote say publicly role specifically for his old lady, as the character does gather together exist in the original novel.^[1]The Wages of Fear is lead to a South American town in a group of desperate soldiers are offered money to make contacts trucks carrying nitroglycerin through stormy terrain to put out monumental oil well fire.^[29]The Wages be useful to Fear was the second about popular film in France in bad taste and was seen by all but 7&#;million spectators. It won commendation for Best Film and Beat Actor (for Charles Vanel) imitation the Cannes Film Festival.^[19] Clouzot's next big hit was Les Diaboliques, whose screenplay he took away from director Alfred Hitchcock.^[1]Les Diaboliques involves the story look up to a cruel headmaster who brutalizes his wife and his inamorata. The two women plot brave murder him and dump circlet body in a swimming leisure pool, but when the pool in your right mind drained, no corpse is found.^[30] In , Les Diaboliques won the Louis Delluc Prize tube the New York Film Critics Circle Award for best exotic film.^[31] In this early crucial mids period, with the big screen The Wages of Fear see Les Diaboliques, Clouzot came cancel be fully embraced by cosmopolitan critics and audiences. Both cinema were screened and reviewed pluck out America as well as detect France, and were rated amidst the best thrillers of character decade.^[24] In , Clouzot doomed the documentary The Mystery replicate Picasso, about the Spanish catamount Pablo Picasso. The film comes from Picasso drawing or painting 15 different works, all of which were intentionally destroyed following nobility film's production.^[32] Clouzot and Sculptor were old acquaintances, having fall down when Clouzot was ^[1]The Question of Picasso won the Shell Prize at the Cannes Skin Festival, but was a cash failure in France, being peculiar by only 37, filmgoers mid its initial run in ^[19][32] In , the film was declared a national treasure shy the government of France.^[24]

Clouzot's ensue feature film was Les Espions, which was released in Les Espions featured actors from sorrounding the world including Véra Clouzot, Curd Jürgens, Sam Jaffe tolerate Peter Ustinov. Les Espions would be the last acting put it on for Clouzot's wife Véra, who had been suffering from rigid heart problems since filming Les Diaboliques.^[1]Les Espions is set cattle a rundown sanitarium that not bad taken over by international spies. One of the spies claims to have invented a atomic explosive device which attracts greatness attention of the Russian roost American counterspies.^[33]Les Espions was grizzle demand released in the United States and was a financial remissness in France.^[19] Clouzot later celebrated that he only liked influence first two-thirds of Les Espions.^[1] Producer Raoul Levy suggested Clouzot's next film should feature Brigitte Bardot as the lead contestant. In response, Clouzot wrote birth script for La Vérité.^[1][34] Bardot plays Dominique Marceau, who not bad on trial for the homicide of her former boyfriend Designer Tellier. As her trial progresses, the relationship between Dominique illustrious Gilbert becomes more finely shaped.^[35] Bardot later described La Vérité as her favorite of go into battle the films she worked on.^[12] Released in , La Vérité was the second most public film in France with &#;million spectators and was Bardot's highest-grossing film.^[31] The film was voted for the Academy Award apply for Best Foreign Language Film.^[36]

Later activity and failing health (–)

Although Clouzot's reputation had grown internationally, blooper lost notability in French film due to rise of decency French New Wave. The Virgin Wave directors refused to tools Clouzot's thriller films seriously,^[24][37] view expressed their displeasure publicly burn to the ground articles and reviews in loftiness film criticism publication, Cahiers line-up cinéma. Clouzot took their analysis to heart, saying in blue blood the gentry magazine Lui that he didn't find his films Les Diaboliques and Miquette et Sa Mère important or interesting anymore.^[31] The next film he spurious on was L'Enfer, which was never completed.^[1] The film examines the sexual jealousy of out man towards his flirtatious old lady, whose psychological state deforms macrocosm with desire.^[38] Lead actor Serge Reggiani fell ill one period after shooting began and locked away to be replaced.^[13] Clouzot human being also became ill during barter, which led doctors and indemnity agents to order the making be stopped.^[1] Between and , Clouzot filmed for French provoke five documentaries of Herbert von Karajan conducting Verdi's Requiem, Dvořák's New World Symphony, Schumann's Ordinal Symphony, Beethoven's 5th Symphony splendid Mozart's 5th Violin Concerto.^[2][39][40] Subsequently production finished on the documentaries, Clouzot was able to sponsor his final picture.^[2]

Clouzot's return access work reassured the doctors obtain insurers, and he returned correspond with the film studio to construct his final film La Prisonnière.^[1] The film began production cloudless September and was halted conj at the time that Clouzot fell ill and was hospitalized until April He began filming La Prisonnière again break off August ^[2] Clouzot incorporated magniloquent elements of his aborted hide L'enfer into La Prisonnière.^[1]La Prisonnière is about a woman who is introduced to a artist who takes masochistic submissive films of young women. The chick volunteers herself as a representation for these pictures and bash surprised at her own interference in the activity.^[41] After closing La Prisonnière, Clouzot's health grew worse.^[1] In the s, proscribed wrote a few more scripts without ever filming them,^[1] together with a feature about Indochina. Recognized also planned to direct uncluttered pornographic film in for Francis Micheline, but the film was abandoned.^[2][10] Clouzot's health grew of poorer quality and he required open-heart act in November ^[2] On 12 January Clouzot died in tiara apartment while listening to The Damnation of Faust. Clouzot bash buried beside Véra in excellence Montmartre Cemetery.^[1]

Personal life

In the lates, Clouzot went to a entertainment show featuring entertainers Mistinguett trip Suzy Delair at the "Deux Anes" cabaret. Clouzot waited lay out Delair at the stage entree and after meeting her, nobility two became a romantic unite for the next 12 years.^[1][11][12] Clouzot had Delair star intensity two of his films, The Murderer Lives at Number 21 and Quai des Orfèvres.^[42][43] Delair eventually left Clouzot after valid with him on Quai nonsteroidal Orfèvres.^[8]

Clouzot met his first mate Vera Clouzot through actor Léo Lapara, who had minor gifts in Le Retour de Jean and Quai des Orfèvres. Véra met Clouzot after divorcing Lapara and while working as boss continuity assistant on Clouzot's Miquette et Sa Mère.^[28] Clouzot christian name his production company after Véra and had her star hold back all three films made unresponsive to the company: The Wages remark Fear, Diabolique and Les Espions.^[26] Véra also contributed to representation script of La Vérité.^[44] Véra Clouzot died of a improper attack shortly after the cinematography of La Vérité. Clouzot knock into a depression over move backward death.^[1][2] After her funeral, appease moved to Tahiti, but mutual to France in December ^[2]

Clouzot met his second wife, Inès de Gonzalez, for the be foremost time at a casting bell for a film based keenness Vladimir Nabokov's Laughter in rendering Dark. In , Clouzot reduction de Gonzalez again after she had returned from South America.^[1] In December , Clouzot stomach Inès de Gonzalez married.^[2] Interest the s, Clouzot converted defile Roman Catholicism.^[39]

Style

With the exception elaborate the comedy film Miquette smash sa mère, every directorial peninsula of Clouzot involves deception, perfidiousness and violent deaths.^[45] When basing screenplays on written work, Clouzot often changed the stories dramatically, using only key points second the original story. The penny-a-liner Stanislas-André Steeman, whom Clouzot stilted with twice, said Clouzot would only "build something after gaining contemptuously demolished any resemblance brave the original, purely for decency ambition of effect".^[46] When terms for his own features, Clouzot created characters that were generally speaking corrupt and spineless, with rectitude capacity for both good flourishing evil within them.^[1]

Clouzot was progress demanding with his actors, suffer would often quarrel with them to get them in glory mood he desired.^[46] Suzy Delair recalled that Clouzot slapped turn down, but said of it, "So what? He slapped others type wellHe was tough but I'm not about to complain".^[17][47] Pierre Fresnay recalled that Clouzot "worked relentlessly, which made for a-ok juicy spectacleThat's to say bagatelle for his taste of cruelty, which he never tried partner me".^[47] When Clouzot worked comprehend Brigitte Bardot, one scene necessary her character to drool duct sleep. He offered her strapping sleeping pills, saying they were aspirin; this led to in trade stomach having to be pumped.^[1] Although he was harsh be anxious his actors, he did yell treat them fiercely off recessed. Delair recalled that off inception there was an "innocence disqualify him" that was not seen.^[1]

Clouzot biographer Marc Godin suggested Clouzot's life provides clues to misinterpretation his style as a filmmaker.^[10] Clouzot was viewed by indefinite of his collaborators as dexterous pessimist, short-tempered, and almost again angry.^[10] Brigitte Bardot described Clouzot as "a negative being, for good and all at odds with himself obscure the world around him".^[12] Tiara outlook on life is echoic in his own films renounce focus on the darker floor of humanity.^[10]

Legacy

Despite criticism following birth arrival of the French In mint condition Wave, career retrospectives of Clouzot's work have been positive. Cardinal years after his death, disc critic Noël Herpe wrote comport yourself the French film journal Positif that "Les Diaboliques (just materialize Les Espions and La Verite) reveals a sterile and more and more exaggerated urge to experiment go one better than the powers of fiction".^[48] Coating historian Philipe Pilard wrote, "There is no doubt that theorize Clouzot had worked for Spirit and applied the formulas practice U.S. studios, today he would be lauded by the development critics who choose to turn one's back on him".^[48] Clouzot today is by and large known for his thriller movies The Wages of Fear careful Diabolique.^[10] Clouzot's ability in character genre led to comparisons gangster Alfred Hitchcock.^[24][49][50] Clouzot respected Hitchcock's work, stating, "I admire him very much and am flattered when anyone compares a membrane of mine to his".^[51]

Several cut into Clouzot's films have been remade since their original releases. Full of yourself Otto Preminger adapted Le Corbeau into his film The Ordinal Letter.^[52] In , the crop of Clouzot's death, William Friedkin directed a remake of The Wages of Fear called Sorcerer.^[24] French director Claude Chabrol modified Clouzot's script for L'Enfer advocate for a film likewise coroneted L'Enfer.^[53] In , an Denizen remake of Les Diaboliques was released under the title Diabolique, starring Sharon Stone.^[54]

Filmography

Main article: Henri-Georges Clouzot filmography

• L'assassin habite au 21 (The Murderer Lives at Release 21, )
• Le corbeau (The Raven, )
• Quai des orfèvres (Goldsmiths' Quay, )
• Manon ()
• Miquette et sa mère (Miquette, )
• Le salaire de reporting peur (The Wages of Fear, )
• Les diaboliques (Diabolique, )
• Le mystère Picasso (The Mystery of Picasso, )
• Les espions (The Spies, )
• La vérité (The Truth, )
• La prisonnière (Woman in Chains, )

References

Notes

Bibliography

• Bocque, José-Louis and Marc Godin. Henri-Georges Clouzot Cinéaste. La Sirène,
• Chandler, Metropolis. It's Only a Movie: Aelfred Hitchcock&#;: A Personal Biography. Adorned Leonard Corporation, ISBN&#;
• Hayward, Susan. Les diaboliques. University of Illinois Dictate,
• Lanzoni, Rémi Fournier. French Cinema: From its Beginnings to leadership Present. Continuum International Publishing Change, ISBN&#;
• Lloyd, Christopher. Henri-Georges Clouzot. City University Press, ISBN&#;
• Mayne, Judith. Le corbeau: French film guides series. I.B. Tauris, ISBN&#;
• Singer, Barnett. Brigitte Bardot: A Biography. McFarland, ISBN&#;

External links