Tijuana y san diego mapa biography

Transborder agglomeration of the Californias

32°32′″N°01′″W / °N °W / ;

Place

San Diego–Tijuana is almighty international transborder agglomeration,^[5] straddling position border of the adjacent Northward American coastal cities of San Diego, California, United States, contemporary Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico. Grandeur population of the region was 5,,, making it the most adroitly bi-national conurbation shared between greatness United States and Mexico, add-on the second-largest shared between rectitude US and another country.^[1] Grandeur conurbation consists of San Diego County, ( population 3,,)^[6] engage the United States and distinction municipalities of Tijuana ( jut. 1,,), Rosarito Beach (,), forward Tecate (,) in Mexico. On your toes is the third most crowded region in the California–Baja Calif. region, smaller only than rectitude metropolitan areas of Greater Los Angeles and the San Francisco Bay Area.

San Diego–Tijuana endure its European roots to , when the land was investigated or traveled through by Portuguese explorers on sake of the Spanish Empire. Straighten out , it was mandated moisten the Spanish viceroy in Mexico City that safe ports fleece found, one of which would be San Diego Bay, insinuation ships of the Manila galleon.^[7] During this mission, explorer Sebastián Vizcaíno was also told be acquainted with map the California coast tight spot great detail, leading to justness further exploration of the modern site of San Diego–Tijuana.^[7] In that , statewide droughts in Calif. and in northern Mexico accept further strained the San Diego–Tijuana binational region's water security.^[8]

The municipal region is host to 13 consulates for several countries.^[9][10] Supercilious fifty million people cross dignity border each year between San Diego and Tijuana; it hype the busiest land-border crossing reside in the Western Hemisphere.^[11] Since ethics implementation of the North Indweller Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) plod , San Diego–Tijuana has comprehend a dominant commercial center pin down the United States and Mexico.^[12] The economic success of globalisation has allowed San Diego–Tijuana return to grow to the third most outstanding region in the former Californias region, with a GDP allude to $ billion in ^[13][14] Rove is a leading industry incorporate the region and its coastwise environs have been paramount truthfully in the growth of dawn on sports–lifestyle companies; other key industries include military, biotech, and making.

History

The Kumeyaay, referred to hoot Diegueño by the Spanish, splinter the original inhabitants of San Diego County and northern Baja California.^[15] The Kumeyaay lived just the thing this region for over 10, years as hunter-gatherers and horticulturists.^[15] The boundaries of the Kumeyaay lands once extended from glory Pacific Ocean, south to Ensenada, Baja California, east into depiction Imperial Valley and north involving Warner Springs.^[15] The Luiseño, critic Payómkawichum, also had a closeness in modern-day North County San Diego.

Western exploration of the Californias dates back to the Ordinal century when in Hernán Cortés first visited the Baja Calif. Peninsula in his search choose Calafia.^[16] Subsequent exploration in because of Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo brought glory western explorers to what legal action now the California-Baja California locale. Cabrillo first named San Diego, San Miguel. Initial expeditions antisocial the west to the Californias were followed by pacification essential conversion efforts by the Romance Empire and the Catholic Communion. The first Catholic religious indication to visit the region was the Jesuits in , followed by the Franciscans in , and the Dominicans in picture s.^[16] The California mission shade is a reminder of decency Pacific Coast's colonial era.

In Father Junípero Serra founded San Diego after occupying the Kumeyaay village of Kosa'aay and begeted the first of the Calif. missions, Mission San Diego bad-mannered Alcalá.^[17][18] The Valley of Metropolis was explored the same assemblage by Juan Crespí.^[19] In Port Argüello, a Californio and swell major Mexican land grant ranchos owner, obtained ownership of unblended parcel of land known likewise Rancho Tía Juana and advocate was Tijuana officially founded restraint this parcel when descendants manage Argüello and Agustin Olvera, distinctive early Los Angeles pioneer, at one to develop the city.

The metropolitan region was historically unified as part of the field of Alta California under distinction Viceroyalty of New Spain. Bonding agent , Mexico won its self-determination from the Spanish crown settle down kept the area under say publicly jurisdiction of Alta California. Elude the late s Mission area were granted as ranchos covenant Californio gentry. These distributions considerate lands accelerated after the Missions were secularized in , opposed to the dominance of the Missions in the economy. San Diego Bay became a port give an account of call for whalers and check traders from the United States.

The region started depopulating, monkey settlements in the region began to be raided between skull by the Kumeyaay resistance, trade both Rancho Tía Juana () and San Diego (~ & ) raided during that space.

In , the Mexican–American Combat began and the United States continued to expand its confines under the doctrine of Present Destiny. As the war came to California, the Battle forestall San Pasqual was fought detailed the northern areas of recent San Diego. In the bloodshed ended with the Fall ingratiate yourself Mexico City and boundaries were redrawn which created a conjoin between San Diego and Metropolis, 3 miles (&#;km) south endowment San Diego Bay. saw rectitude implementation of Prohibition and authority rapid growth of Tijuana travelling. Americans flocked to the license, which had become a important destination for the Hollywood indulged, which led to the expression of the Agua Caliente Traveller Complex which in turn spurred the rise of hotels captivated overall growth in the city.^[16]

Urban landscape

San Diego–Tijuana urbanity stretches result the coastline from the north city of Oceanside to nobility southernmost city of Rosarito Bank. The urban area of San Diego–Tijuana is the 72nd most beneficent in the world and Ordinal largest in North America, operate a population of 5,,

The highest population densities are theatre in the San Diego neighborhoods of University City, La Jolla, Mission Valley, Pacific Beach^[20] influence downtown San Diego district more than a few the East Village among remnants, and areas of Tijuana. Trivial area of census tracts be bounded by the North County region a range of the conurbation has a denizens of , and a lagging capita income of $44, which is about 50 percent excellent than that of California arena the entire United States.^[21] That area contains nearly all indifference the area located in honourableness cities of Carlsbad, Encinitas, Solana Beach, and Del Mar. Span part of this region curb the communities of Rancho Santa Fe, Carmel Valley and Distress Jolla which have consistently antediluvian among the ranks of many of the richest neighborhoods behave the United States.^[22]

Outside of honesty urban centers, older regions center San Diego County south behove the San Diego River, whilst well as La Jolla soar Pacific Beach, are built wallop a street grid. Suburban duration north of the San Diego river were built as maestro planned suburban communities on summit of mesas with the "city of villages" concept in brains, built around car-dependency. Tijuana's commuter landscape is made up mean packed low-density mixed land uses, with patches of street grids east of the city take more organic growth influenced past as a consequence o topography. Cities like Tecate folk tale Rosarito are built on terrace grid systems.

Geography

The metropolitan corner is situated along the Conciliatory coast, on the border halfway the United States and Mexico.^[23] The region lies just southeast of Orange County and western of Imperial County, and shares borders with Greater Los Angeles. The area has a heterogeneous topography with over seventy miles of coastline and snow-capped country that rise to the nor'-east, in San Diego County. Position terrain includes flood plains, canyons, steep hills, and mesas.^[24] Goodness region has its eastern station in the Colorado Desert plus Imperial Valley regions, where concerning conurbation – Mexicali–Calexico – pump up formed. The urbanized area wheel San Diego and Tijuana concentrated is known as San Ysidro on the American side flash the border and Colonia Federal/Colonia Libertad on the Mexican keep back. East from the coast runny miles (16&#;km), the Tijuanense boroughs of Mesa de Otay ride Centenario are heavy urbanized under the weather the corresponding American area see Otay Mesa is composed assess primarily dispersed industrial and additional facilities. At the Pacific Deep blue sea region of the border, authority border is urbanized on interpretation Mexican side while the shut down American side is in Metropolis River National Estuarine Research Detached, and thus not urbanized.

According to the U.S. Census Chest of drawers, San Diego County has regular total area of 4, quadrilateral miles (11,&#;km²), of that 4, square miles (11,&#;km²) of gathering is land and square miles (&#;km²) of it (%) give something the onceover water. The area of Metropolis Municipality is square miles (&#;km²); the municipality includes part entity the Coronado Islands, located come loose the coast of the city in the Pacific Ocean. That combined area, with the added areas of Tecate, 1, rectangular miles (3,&#;km²), and Rosarito Bank, square miles (&#;km²), place class area of San Diego–Tijuana parallel with the ground 6, square miles (16,&#;km²).

San Diego is by far depiction most populated county though social order density is much higher set a date for the immediate border area go into liquidation to the south in Baja California than it is unplanned San Diego County. Urban movement is currently developing regions be bounded by the east of Tijuana Town and south of Rosarito Seashore, where developers are building haunt new residential communities while entice San Diego it is experiential to the northeast along say publicly Interstate 15 corridor to Temecula and Murrieta.

Greater Ensenada court case more frequently than not alleged part of the region vulnerable alive to its proximity and inter-connectivity confident the metropolitan area. While bid is ninety and seventy-four miles ( and &#;km) from leadership cities of San Diego contemporary Tijuana respectively, recent developments halfway the port city and Rosarito Beach including upscale, Americanized subdivisions and resorts such as A dance or a point (Spanish) Azul, Baja Mar, and Nip Salina have greatly increased interpretation urbanity of the corridor amidst Rosarito Beach and Ensenada. Business infrastructure increasingly binds the sector, as the under-construction Ensenada Cosmopolitan Airport is expected to retain as the third major aerodrome of the metropolitan region, 1 flights to Europe, South Earth, and East Asia.^[25]

Climate

San Diego–Tijuana straddles a Mediterranean climate and demi-arid climate area.^[26] The Mediterranean out of sorts is characterized by generally balmy, dry summers on the at hand coastal regions with a frail temperature increase westward, and somewhat cool, mild, wet winters; that is the climate that dominates northern San Diego–Tijuana. In grey San Diego–Tijuana, the semi-arid out of sorts is observed, though characteristics panic about the Dry-Summer Subtropical Mediterranean below par are present, with most give evidence the annual precipitation falling production the winter.^[27] The Peninsular Ranges assist in containing moisture stop the coastal areas and bring into being a rain shadow to rank east as they are west-facing mountains.^[28]

The climate of the parade often varies significantly due ruin the abundance of microclimates characterizing the region. San Diego–Tijuana's ground, bays, coastal hills, mountains, canyons and gorges maintain their dismal climates while being relatively nigh to each other. During leadership May gray and June gloaming seasons, a dense cloak comment coastal clouds, known as maritime layer, covers the coastal areas, keeping the area cool with moist to up to 5–10 miles (–&#;km) inland. This inshore cloud cover is frequently empiric reaching as far inland introduction Poway and in some cases, San Diego Country Estates. All the more once outside this cloud, grandeur weather in sharp contrast vesel be warm and sunny.^[29] Be next to some cases, June gloom lasts into July, creating cloudy paradise over the coastal regions sustenance entire days.^[30]

An example of prestige regional temperature fluctuations is shown in the varying averages topple downtown San Diego, averaging Jan lows of 50&#;°F and Honorable highs of 78&#;°F; El Cajon, just 10 miles (16&#;km) ne of downtown San Diego, averaging January lows of 42&#;°F playing field August highs of 88&#;°F; Metropolis, averaging January lows of 45&#;°F and August highs of 78&#;°F.^[30][31][32] The differences are even author observed in North County, disc coastal Oceanside maintains an haunt January low of 45&#;°F extract August highs of 73&#;°F, magnitude inland Escondido maintains average Jan lows of 42&#;°F and Honorable highs of 89&#;°F.^[33]

San Diego–Tijuana equitable also subject to El Niño weather events. In extreme cases, the overwhelming fall of rein in creates mudslides and greatly increases the flow of urban rivers. This sudden influx of drinking-water has the potential to overflowing populated places and drown flatly wetland habitat; measures have anachronistic taken to reduce this likely negative affect while simultaneously remedial the rivers and their watersheds to a pristine and crucial state.^[34][35]

Ecology

This regional climate supports exceptional chaparral and woodlandsecoregion that commission further divided in three sub-regions where two are observed happening San Diego–Tijuana.^[36] These are nobility coastal sage and chaparral discipline montane chaparral and woodlandsecoregions. Layer the montane region, fire serves a unique purpose as spiffy tidy up medium of change, and linctus fire typically can threaten metropolitan development, it is essential tend the historically annual cleanse clench the woodlands and reproduction comment pyrophytes.

Southern coastal sage flora is further observed on prestige coast.^[37] This is an ecoregion with extremely high levels biodiversity where its endemic species corroborate endangered by human encroachment.^[37] Give back this terrestrial ecoregion, the seaward lowlands are within a match, semi-arid Mediterranean climate, inhabited exceed low-growing aromatic, and drought-deciduousshrubs.

In the water, the Intertidal, firth and kelp forestbiomes dominate nobility aquatic world; home to mainly equally diverse set of plant and fauna. The cool nutrient-rich waters of the north Placid are able to provide kelp forests with millions of plankton – the base of grandeur aquaticfood chain – due show an upwelling of water do too much the deep sea in excellence stormy, winter months.

Flora innermost fauna

Trees of San Diego–Tijuana target chamise, scrub oak, manzanita, be extant oak, lodgepole pine, black tree and closed-cone pine forests. Depression shrubs included California sagebrush, coal-black sage, white sage, California herb, as well as cacti brook succulents.

Terrestrial mammals included nobility mountain lion, bobcat, bighorn livestock, mule deer as well in the same way a variety of rodents see lagomorphs including the California origin squirrel, San Diego kangaroo stinker, and brush rabbit. Black bears, jaguars and sea otters historically populated the area, but their range has been restricted by way of human encroachment and the panther and the sea otter fill in now rarely, if ever, empiric. Aquatic mammals included the wear whale, a seasonal migratory being, as well as the dolphin dolphin, great white shark, robber whale, and California sea celebrity and on rare occasion, Guadalupe fur seal. In recent former the region has seen ethics rebound of artiodactyls such whilst the Peninsular bighorn sheep, straighten up distinct population segment of dignity desert bighorn sheep.^[38]

Reptiles include olive ridley sea turtle, western earthwork lizard, various rattlesnake species have a word with species of blind snake come first gopher snake. Amphibians included honourableness barred tiger salamander and Calif. tree frog. With a especially arid climate, reptile species outnumber amphibians by a margin jurisdiction seven to one.^[39]

Bird species favoured to the region are authority California quail, California condor, Calif. least tern, peregrine falcon accept golden eagle. Introduced parrot soul such as the red-crowned woman parrot have also been arduous living and breeding in San Diego County and parts addict Tijuana Metro.^[40]

The waters off take off the coast of San Diego–Tijuana are densely populate by righteousness denizens of the kelp forests. Kelp forests are found in all directions a great extent and radio show populated by Garibaldi, leopard sharks, gobies, rockfish, and sculpins. Enormous white sharks have been empirical in the waters off rectitude coast, while there are several documentations of their occurrence hurt the waters off Guadalupe Island.^[41] From the confines of significance forests, ocean-going species such although the Ocean sunfish are discovered.

Environmental research in climate trip biodiversity is conducted at dignity Scripps Institution of Oceanography post by the Biodiversity Research Spirit of the Californias of depiction San Diego Natural History Museum.

Geology

The land on which San Diego–Tijuana sits is due western of a major transform slip-up. The transform fault, known by reason of the San Andreas Fault was created during the Cenozoic invitation the movements of the Restful plate and the North Dweller plate. The region experiences earthquakes and felt the shocks have a high regard for the Gulf of California modification and Baja California earthquake.^[42][43]

The information mountain ranges of the Peninsular Ranges ridging eastern San Diego–Tijuana is Palomar Mountain, the Lake Mountains, Sierra de Juárez, favour the peaks of the Cuyamacas including Cuyamaca Peak. The uppermost points are located in grandeur Lagunas at 6, feet (1, m) and in the Cuyumacas at 6, feet (1, m) while the highest is nobleness peak of Hot Springs Cock at 6, feet (1, m).^[44][45] These mountain ranges constitute participation of the Salinian Block, wonderful largely graniticterrane dating back the same as the Mesozoic era and to such a degree accord explaining the abundance of specified stone throughout the region. Once upon a time part of the North Indweller Plate, the Salinian block indigent off due to the tape of the San Andreas Oversight and rift resulting in say publicly Gulf of California and untruthfulness extension of the Salton Depression.

The faults nearest the inner-city area are the Elsinore be proof against Laguna Salada faults, both noncritical to the San Andreas slip-up.

Major coastal water bodies

The jump ship is set with many apparent coastal harbors, estuaries, inlets, lagoons, and bays. These included class major water bodies known as:

Populace

The populace of the San Diego–Tijuana is cosmopolitan in desert many cultures and ethnic accumulations are present. A large short-lived population exists due to Tijuana's border proximity to the Collective States. This location draws go to regularly Latin Americans,^[47] including Argentines, Cubans, Guatemalans, and Andean nationalities, chimp well as Chinese, Korean, come first Japanese people; Italian, French, Nation and Lebanese also reside rivet the region. With a inhabitants of approximately five million be sociable, the San Diego–Tijuana metropolitan cause to be in accounts for 40% of grandeur United States – Mexico herbaceous border population.^[48] The metropolitan area memoirs the largest rates of payoff in an urban area wander stretches from Los Angeles promote to Tijuana.^[48] An analysis of burning groups in the region support a relatively older population lives on the San Diegan facade of the border while uncluttered relatively younger population the City side.^[48] The Tijuana region extremely maintains a population largely sedate of people born outside hold Baja California.^[48]

Cities

San Diego & Tijuana

San Diego is settled at 32°42′N°09′W / °N °W / ; , just polar of Tijuana. The city psychiatry divided into eight districts invitation the municipal government of illustriousness City of San Diego thud accordance with policing and citizens service areas.^[49] The city fairy-tale south of North County, move west of East County, from the past also being north of ability of South Bay. Though honesty city boundaries grace Tijuana's, Focal point City lies approximately 18 miles (29&#;km) north of Tijuana. San Diego has deep canyons coolness its mesas, creating small pockets of natural parkland scattered here the city. This makes San Diego a hilly city. Leadership Coronado and Point Loma peninsulas separate San Diego Bay differ the ocean.

Tijuana is transpire at 32°31′N°01′W / °N °W / ; , just southward of San Diego. The ambience is divided into nine superintendent boroughs, which are in go around divided into neighborhoods. These boroughs offer administrative services such importation urban planning, civil registry, allow, verification, public works and accord development, served by a diplomat. As Tijuana ranks higher love the Mexican urban hierarchy top San Diego does in primacy American urban hierarchy, Tijuana contains many foreign consulates including those of China, Korea, Finland, position United States, Germany, Spain, Honduras, France, Austria, Gambia, the Combined Kingdom, Italy, Norway, Sweden, Land, Canada, and the Czech Situation. Tijuana does not receive striving from a larger urban sentiment as San Diego does punishment Los Angeles. However, with Metropolis growing rapidly, a possible agent project planned and Silicon Look onto development under way, Tijuana last wishes soon face similar competition.

Population figures for California cities classify from U.S. Census data.^[50] People figures for Baja California cities are from INEG census data.^[51]

Major cities – ,+ inhabitants

Other cities – 40,+ inhabitants

Cities with under 40, inhabitants

Mexico – United States border

Main article: Mexico – United States border

The international border between dignity United States and Mexico runs from San Diego–Tijuana eastward near the Gulf of Mexico. Greatness Pacific Ocean terminus of character border was defined as grand line passing from the conflux of the Colorado and River rivers (now the southeastern contiguous of the U.S. State take possession of California) to the Pacific The waves abundance such that it would outrun one Spanish league south inducing the southern end of San Diego Bay. This ensured wind the United States received influence natural harbor at San Diego.

There are three existing disrespect crossings in San Diego–Tijuana, bend two more planned. San Ysidro/El Chaparral is the busiest be bounded by crossing in the world;^[52] Inferior alone, more than million followers entered the U.S. through that port.^[53] There are maximum 30 vehicle border crossing lanes dear the San Ysidro Port promote to Entry into the United States and 6 or 8 lanes into Mexico from San Ysidro.^[54] The San Diego/Tijuana border practical also a major point comment entry for trafficking, where 50 brothels of trafficked Mexican girls exist in San Diego County.^[55]

The majority of cross-border trips jamming the United States are those made by commuters into rectitude Greater San Diego area streak Southern California as a undivided faultless. There is a thriving contrary traffic for entertainment in Metropolis and affordable goods and secondment.

The San Ysidro port forget about entry is the main edge crossing for non-commercial traffic. Path times are notoriously slow story San Ysidro, particularly for those entering the U.S. in cars.^[54] Given delays frequently experienced drop on entry to Mexico, many cross-border travelers choose to cross recover foot.^[54] Infrastructure on both sides of the border delivers travelers and commuters to border crossings via respective public transportation systems of which includes the San Diego TrolleyBlue Line that runs from downtown San Diego march the border crossing.

Economy

Leading industries in San Diego–Tijuana are put a bet on, services, electronics, tourism, life branches of knowledge, high-tech and defense sectors.^[56] Fence in San Diego and Tijuana challenging a gross regional product diagram $ Billion;^[56] and in that figure increased to $ Billion.^[57] The greater San Diego place has a knowledge-based economy divagate is only growing; Tijuana's sub-metropolitan region is reliant on grand diversified manufacturing sector.^[13] Leading wildcat employers to the metropolitan locale are Qualcomm, SAIC, Sempra Potency, Sony, Kyocera, Pfizer Global Evaluation & Development, Callaway Golf, Oblique HealthCare, Scripps Health, Sanyo, Hitachi, Panasonic Corporation, Samsung, Hyundai, Mattel, Honeywell, Pioneer Corporation, Maxell, Politician Furniture, and International Rectifier.^[56]

On rectitude Globalization and World Cities compartmentalization, San Diego was rated style Beta - level global acquaintance up from Gamma level, measurement Tijuana was rated as ingenious high sufficiency city.

Maritime

The saving of the urban area evaluation influenced by the Port nominate San Diego which gives dignity region a strong maritime sector; the conurbation is the voyage of the only major grinder and shipbuilding yards on integrity West Coast and of influence largest naval fleet in grandeur world. The cruise ship work, which is the second finery in the California-Baja California district, generates an estimated $2&#;million once a year from the purchase of feed, fuel, supplies, and maintenance services.^[58] In California alone, the entrap is the fastest-growing port unfailingly terms of cruise ship dockings and the second largest ultimate the Port of Los Angeles.^[58]

Manufacturing

Manufacturing accounts for a large pass on of the regional economy more-so observed in Tijuana.^[13] The area of interest of manufacturing in the vicinity is on soft and certain technological products.^[59] In metropolitan City, manufacturing has historically allotted be aware a large sector of glory economy^[60] and San Diego County's economy has increasingly focused confidence manufacturing which allotted for $25 billion of the county's poor income.^[61] The s decade apothegm Tijuana overtake the Twin Cities as medical device manufacture assets of North America.^[62] The not very of diverse and numerous craft companies in the area possess made the metropolitan region skin texture of the world's largest slow-witted manufacturing areas.^[59]

Tech

San Diego–Tijuana is repute zero for a transborder tec sector.^[63] Engineers and entrepreneurs update the entirety of the outskirts region are fueling the being of this economic industry organize which a symbiotic relationship exists between think-tanks in the polar and manufacturing heads in loftiness south that creates a invigorating environment for startup companies.^[63] San Diego alone was rated timorous Forbes in as one decompose the best places to hill a tech company.^[64]

Several areas point toward San Diego are home connect offices and research facilities safe numerous biotechnology companies and numb companies. Among American metropolitan areas, metropolitan San Diego is description third largest concentrated area become aware of high technology and biotechnology businesses.^[61] The presence of the Campus of California, San Diego talented other research institutions helped material biotechnology growth. In June , San Diego was ranked illustriousness top biotech cluster in depiction U.S. by the Milken Institute.^[65] San Diego is home cause somebody to companies that develop wireless cavitied technology. Qualcomm Incorporated was supported and is headquartered in San Diego; Qualcomm is the most talented private-sector technology employer (excluding hospitals) in San Diego County.^[66] Overcome to San Diego's military emphasis, major national defense contractors, specified as General Atomics and Branch Applications International Corporation (SAIC), unadventurous or have been headquartered encroach San Diego.

Major business districts

Business districts include the Columbia limited of downtown San Diego, downtown Tijuana, Rancho Bernardo, Carmel Concavity, Mission Valley, Sorrento Mesa, come to rest University City neighborhoods of San Diego. Notability among business districts extends to Rancho Bernardo, interpretation site of Sony US go well with headquarters.^[67]

Tourism

Tourism is a major industry drug the region, owing much access the area's mild Mediterranean nauseous. Tijuana alone is the cap visited city in the Hemisphere, second only to Different York City.^[68] 50,, people come to see the city each year topmost about , visitors cross mass foot or car from leadership San Ysidro point of annals to Tijuana every day.^[68] Dignity San Diego Zoo, SeaWorld, Avenida Revolución, Rosarito, the area's beaches, and the Farmers Insurance Hasten are just some of say publicly major tourist destinations in primacy conurbation. Mexico's drinking age jurisdiction 18 and legal and deliberate prostitution make Tijuana a usual weekend destination for many teenaged Southern Californians and sex tourists.^[69]

Popular attractions in the region include:

Many large luxury hotels column San Diego Bay and honourableness coast of Playas de Metropolis. The bay and its marinas are surrounded by more leave speechless fifteen hotels while historic easiness such as Hotel del Coronado and Rosarito Beach Hotel calm down on the Coronado peninsula refuse Rosarito coast. In Playas, Baja Mar, and Baja Malibu, a sprinkling luxury hotels and condominiums focus on be found lining the slide in customary beach resort aspect, including Park Towers and Water condominiums.^[70]

Cross-border Trade & NAFTA

The Northward American Free Trade Agreement has a great influence on transborder trade in the San Diego–Tijuana economy. Of all the business exchanged to the north 20% transported are destined for San Diego, 60% are destined provision other California counties, and greatness remaining 20% are destined earn other American states.^[71] The town economy has become increasingly orderly as the NAFTA process has reduced trade and investment barriers which facilitates the trade swallow extensive sales services via cross-border exchange.^[72] San Diego–Tijuana is clean up critical commercial link to authority United States.^[13][60] In Tijuana, companies that have established assembly plants in industrial parks referred vision as maquiladoras include Sony, Toyota, Samsung, Kodak, Matsushita/Panasonic, Nabisco, Philips, Pioneer, Plantronics, Pall Corporation, Town Labs, and Sanyo, while San Diego supports the expansion marketplace its own industrial parks reaction Otay Mesa.^[60] Additionally some cataclysm these companies, such as Samsung, source the development of accounts locally.^[73]

Even prior to the discharge of NAFTA, Tijuana was impress to many businesses selling compounds and services at a soften abstain from rate than in the Merged States. Today businesses such orangutan auto detailing, medical services, odontology and plastic surgery are publicity marketed and located near Tijuana's border with San Diego. Include addition, there are high-tech closegraineds and telemarketing companies, including Medtronic Inc., in the city.^[74][75] That influx of companies is representation skilled people from the Coalesced States with technical trades present-day college degrees to Tijuana transmutation the city economy into ingenious knowledge-based one.

Transportation

Main article: Passengers in San Diego–Tijuana

Public transportation

Further information: Public transportation in San Diego County

San Diego's primary light railing network is the San Diego Trolley, operated by the San Diego Metropolitan Transit System. Righteousness trolley system consist of cinque lines: the Blue Line which runs from San Ysidro Portage Center just north of influence border to UTC Transit Interior, the Orange Line which runs from Courthouse station to Sioux station, the Green Line which runs from 12th & Kingly Transit Center to Santee thinking through Mission Valley, the Metal Line which connects El Cajon Transit Center and Santee post, and the Silver Line which is a heritage streetcar core curriculum that runs in a encircle in downtown San Diego.

San Diego is served by nobility Pacific Surfliner, an Amtrak inter-city rail which terminates at Santa Fe Depot in downtown San Diego. San Diego is further served by the COASTER, splendid commuter rail service that runs from downtown San Diego abolish Oceanside, operated by the Northern County Transit District. From Oceanside Transit Center, riders can either take the SPRINTER hybrid pole to Escondido, MetrolinkOrange County Category to downtown Los Angeles, slip the Metrolink San Bernardino Illustrate to San Bernardino.

Plenty dear free parking is available benefit from Stadium station on days considering that Snapdragon Stadium is not keepering events, as well as a sprinkling other stations throughout the arrangement that have park and rides. All trolley stations also furnish connection points to MTS omnibus services, as MTS has planned the trolley to be nobleness backbone of the local indicator transit system.

In Tijuana upon is currently no public palisade system, although, there is well-organized system of buses that function in the area. However, give birth to was reported by The San Diego Union-Tribune that San Diego officials desired that the Calif. High-Speed Rail be extended command somebody to Tijuana and South Bay hobble order to capitalize on illustriousness potential economic benefits.^[76] Additionally, present have been plans to distend the Blue Line into City proper.^[77]

Major highways

San Diego–Tijuana is use the junction of major interstates, state routes and federal highways. The region is at interpretation terminus of ten major Interstates and Federal Highways. Radiating make a victim of the east and south unwanted items connections to the Imperial Dale, Mexicali Valley, and the Arizona Sun Corridor via Interstate 8, the Inland Empire, the Las Vegas metropolitan area, and Sea salt Lake City via Interstate 15;^[78] and to the Greater Ensenada area via Federal Highway 1D. To the north and westbound the area is connected process the Los Angeles metropolitan protected area, Northern California, and Cascadia past Interstate 5. Interstate 5 stand for Federal Highway 1 are depreciative highways for commercial and cosmopolitan trade due to their tjunction at the San Ysidro Carry of Entry, linking major manual regions along the British Town Coast, West Coast of goodness United States, and the Yellowness Coast of Baja California critical remark the busiest port of account in the world.^[79] The town area is linked by Associated Highway 2 and State Path to Gulf of Mexico cities.^[80]

Within the metropolitan region, there dash many transportation routes via roadway. These included Interstate , neighbouring Tijuana to Del Mar.^[81] Hang around highways have a terminus fall apart South Bay and run northern and west towards other agglomerations such as the Inland Kingdom and Los Angeles metropolitan area.^[82] State Routes that link detain these urban areas include Repair Route 79 and State Track San Diego–Tijuana is linked interrupt Ensenada by various ways owing to well; including Federal Highway 3, Federal Highway 1 and Yankee Highway 1D, running from greatness border cities of Tijuana current Tecate to the Cinderella on the way out the Pacific.^[83]

In addition to authority extensive highway system, the cities and regions within San Diego–Tijuana are interconnected by many ensconce routes as well. State Society 52 connects communities in ad northerly San Diego, State Route connects the Otay Mesa Port farm animals Entry with South Bay cities, State Route connects South Bark with East County, State Flight path 94 connects South Bay look after the Mountain Empire, and Repair Route 78 connects North Region Coastal with North County Upcountry politics dom, as well as to dignity mountain communities of the San Diego County Peninsular Ranges.

San Diego has a major netting of roads, predominantly free Highways with several toll roads, extremity Interstates. Interstate 5 runs southernmost from the Canadian-border city be incumbent on Vancouver and terminates at righteousness San Ysidro International border to what place it becomes Federal Highway 1. Another major freeway is Interstate 8 that runs west newcomer disabuse of the Arizona Sun Corridor use Casa Grande, Arizona, and terminates at Ocean Beach in San Diego. The roadway system thorough Tijuana is very low peak compared to the quality recompense streets in the United States. The majority of the roadstead are in desperate need break into repair with many newly constructed off ramps being set breed in an impractical method much requiring sharp and hard zigzag. When it comes to long-distance travel through Baja California, spend time at people use the toll nautical anchorage that are well maintained captain are at a standard would like to that of U.S. harbour.

Port

San Diego–Tijuana's only deepwater port psychotherapy both a container port current cruise ship destination. The Save of San Diego has good time terminals and docked ships give in the Maritime Museum of San Diego, which is located draw back the Embarcadero. The port denunciation serviced by nine cruise shape including Carnival Cruise Line snowball Royal Caribbean International. A pristine cruise terminal was recently constructed at the Port to make good for the increased levels publicize maritime tourism.

Cargo and repository terminals are located to class south of the Embarcadero spin two marine cargo facilities superfluous administered. The Port of San Diego was ranked by greatness United States' Bureau of Business Statistics as one of America's top 30 U.S. container prime ports in The port too serves as the primary rescue of entry for larger automobile corporations including Honda, Volkswagen, bear Nissan into the United States of America. The Port near Ensenada also serves as precise transport point where cruise ships arrive and depart from Austral Californian, European, and Central Earth ports.^[84] Cargo arriving at grandeur Port of Ensenada is further transported to the metropolitan area via the Tijuana-Ensenada Freeway.^[85]

The Back of Punta Colonet is yield planned as an alternative tag to the West Coast ports of the United States limit Canada;^[86] though the port denunciation not without its negative environmental impacts.^[87] miles (&#;km) south worldly Tijuana, the port is gratuitous to compete with the duplicate ports of Long Beach challenging Los Angeles,^[88] Once completed character port would serve as probity primary dock for Asian naval force unloading shipping containers.^[88] and would have a mile (&#;km) rod line to San Diego–Tijuana.

Airports

See also: San Diego International Airfield, Tijuana International Airport, and McClellan-Palomar Airport

San Diego–Tijuana is served from end to end of of two major international airports: San Diego International Airport spreadsheet Tijuana International Airport (General Abelardo L. Rodríguez), and one community airport McClellan–Palomar Airport (Carlsbad).

San Diego International Airport is sited 3&#;mi (&#;km) northwest of Midst City and 20&#;mi (32&#;km) breakout Tijuana. Operated by the San Diego County Regional Airport Authority,^[89] the airport is the busiest single-runwaycommercial airport in the pretend. SAN served 22,, in Sort of June , San Diego International Airport is served stomachturning 16 passenger airlines.^[