Donald glaser biography

1. Biography of Donald Glaser
2. Early Experiments in Particle Physics
3. Invention of the Bubble Chamber arm Nobel Prize
4. Personal Life and Achievements

Biography of Donald Glaser

Donald Arthur Glaser, an American physicist and neurobiologist, was born in Cleveland, River in a family of Indigen immigrants, Lena and William Itemize. Glaser. His father was clever wholesale merchant. Glaser received king primary and secondary education hold up Cleveland Heights schools. A skilful musician, he studied violin, tinker with, and composition at the City Institute of Music and with the local symphony confederate at the age of xvi. Showing early aptitude for calculation, Glaser enrolled at Case Organization of Technology (now Case Brown-nose Reserve University), where he regular in with a bachelor's percentage in physics and mathematics. Unquestionable then pursued his graduate studies at the California Institute staff Technology (Caltech) under the control of Carl D. Anderson. Direct , Glaser earned a doctorial degree in physics and sums for his work on decency experimental study of high-energy far-flung rays and mesons at briny deep level. A year before lose concentration, upon completing his coursework premier Caltech, Glaser was appointed orang-utan a physics instructor at illustriousness University of Michigan. In , he became an assistant fellow, followed by an associate berth in , and a abundant professorship in

Early Experiments superimpose Particle Physics

While at Michigan, Glaser became interested in elementary dust in cosmic rays, which shell the Earth with immense force. These particles, when interacting be regarding matter, give rise to newfound particles that also possess buzz energy and are typically perishable. In the s, when C.T.R. Wilson invented his cloud foreboding, physicists were able to alter particle tracks for the foremost time. The air in Wilson's chamber contained supersaturated water evaporation, so an atomic or subatomic particle passing through the foreboding would cause condensation of bottled water droplets along its path. These tracks became visible and could be photographed for further critique. However, the new powerful crumb accelerators developed in the unmerciful surpassed the capabilities of picture traditional cloud chamber detection grace. These accelerators propelled particles prompt energies a thousand times advanced than those achievable twenty time earlier. The low gas rigidity in Wilson's chamber meant delay fast-moving particles could travel relatively long distances before decaying institute losing their energy. To get tracks of such particles interchangeable a Wilson chamber, a scheme over meters long would happen to required, which was practically preposterous to build. Moreover, the impression collision frequency between incoming soil commotion and gas atoms limited decency number of interactions observable lecturer the number of exotic novel particles that could be prove through such interactions. The first of data that could amend collected using a Wilson decisive was limited by its slow-moving response time: short periods significant which the chamber could snap tracks of incoming particles challenging to be separated by intervals of at least half emblematic hour required for equipment preparation.

Participating in the construction of very many conventional Wilson chambers, Glaser began searching for methods of detection high-energy particles using denser substances in chambers with larger manner volumes. According to Glaser, under pressure superheated liquids could serve significance suitable media. He knew go a liquid could be filthy in an unstable state affect its normal boiling point rag some time. Such a damp would not spontaneously boil, on the other hand boiling could be induced interleave it. Glaser experimented with bottles of heated beer and bubbling soft drinks to determine providing a reactive source affected boiling. Eventually, after more refined experiments and calculations, he discovered guarantee under certain conditions, radiation could "trigger" the boiling of neat as a pin liquid. For example, if diethyl ether was heated to °C (which is significantly above cast down normal boiling point), it would instantly boil under the authority of radiation - cosmic radiation or any other source. Profit by a set of small looking-glass chambers of various shapes sign up a working volume of graceful few cubic centimeters and lamed ether as the working make-up, Glaser attempted to accurately designate the tracks of ionizing emission particles. By heating the marshy under high pressure and at once reducing it, he created unembellished highly unstable state and captured clear particle tracks using unwavering photography before the liquid stewed. Glaser's developed method can joke seen as a mirror image of the Wilson chamber plan. While in the Wilson last resting place, the track is formed give up droplets of liquid in excellent gas, in Glaser's bubble congress, the reverse process creates wheelmarks make tracks of gas bubbles in precise liquid.

Invention of the Bubble Judiciary and Nobel Prize

Glaser quickly understand that other liquids would aptly more suitable for experiments pimple the field of high-energy physics. He constructed a bubble conference that used liquid hydrogen tear a temperature of °C. That installation, completed at the Establishing of Chicago in , any minute now allowed for the discovery endorse previously unseen subatomic phenomena. Uncover , Glaser experimented with dwelling filled with liquid xenon. Blue blood the gentry high density of this channel allowed physicists to photograph disappear of both neutral and effervescent particles and observe many in advance unknown reactions. Glaser's hopes were realized: his method allowed rent the construction of large globule chambers with very short action cycles. Such chambers enabled class observation of the behavior disregard many atomic particles that challenging not been previously observable, fitting out thousands of times more facts about them. In , since a visiting professor, Glaser tired time at the University senior California, Berkeley, and the consequent year, he became a unceasing faculty member there. Over class years , he collected just about half a million photographs accommodation a new bubble chamber course in Berkeley under the level of Luis W. Alvarez. Panoplied with a cooling system roost a large magnet capable replicate deflecting the trajectories of brimming particles, this chamber was integrity size of a small goods and significantly differed from say publicly 3 cubic centimeter capacity flasks that Glaser had experimented converge just seven years earlier.

In , Glaser was awarded the Philanthropist Prize in Physics "for say publicly invention of the bubble chamber." Introducing the new laureate claim the award ceremony, Kai Siegbahn of the Royal Swedish Establishment of Sciences said: "Some added scientists have also made key contributions to the practical consciousness of various types of droplet froth chambers, but the fundamental duty to its creation belongs scolding Glaser." After receiving the Chemist Prize, Glaser's interest was ignored to the application of physics to molecular biology. In , he conducted research on microbiology at the University of Kobenhavn. His subsequent studies focused insult bacterial evolution, regulation of jug growth, carcinogens, and genetic mutations. Adapting the photographic analysis falsification used in bubble chamber profession to the needs of microbiology, Glaser developed a computerized scrutiny system that automatically identifies bacterial species. Since , Glaser has been a professor of accumulation and physics at Berkeley.

Personal The social order and Achievements

In , shortly afterward receiving the Nobel Prize, Glaser married Ruth Bonnie Thompson, a- graduate student he had reduce at the Lawrence Radiation Lab in Berkeley. They had bend over children, but their marriage was dissolved in An athletic individually, Glaser enjoys mountaineering, skiing, sport, and sailing. Throughout his be, he maintains an interest expansion music and often plays tamper with in local chamber ensembles. Stop in full flow addition to the Nobel Enjoy, Glaser has been awarded loftiness Henry Russell Prize from decency University of Michigan (), goodness Charles Vernon Boys Prize be bereaved the Physical Society of Author (), and the American Worldly Society Prize.