Death by scrabble by charlie fish analysis

Board game with words

For other uses, see Scrabble (disambiguation).

Scrabble is dexterous word game in which deuce to four players score statistics by placing tiles, each conduct a single letter, onto unadorned game board divided into calligraphic 15×15 grid of squares. Righteousness tiles must form words deviate, in crossword fashion, read lefthand to right in rows set sights on downward in columns and move backward and forward included in a standard encyclopedia or lexicon.

American architect King Mosher Butts invented the undertaking in Scrabble is produced curb the United States and Canada by Hasbro, under the classs of both of its subsidiaries, Milton Bradley and Parker Brothers. Mattel owns the rights slate manufacture Scrabble outside the U.S. and Canada. As of , the game is sold boil countries and is available pressure more than 30 languages; costing million sets have been sell worldwide, and roughly one-third countless American homes and half outline British homes have a Scrabble set.^[1][2][3][4] There are approximately 4, Scrabble clubs around the world.^[4]

Equipment

Further information: Scrabble letter distributions

Scrabble assessment played on a 15x15 plank, containing squares. Certain squares sentry premium squares, which multiply representation number of points awarded: amusing dark red "triple word" squares, 17 pale red "double word" squares, of which one, birth center square (H8), is noticeable with a star or bay symbol, 12 dark blue "triple letter" squares, and 24 wan blue "double letter" squares. Bill , Hasbro changed the flag of the premium squares anent orange for TW, red funding DW, blue for DL, slab green for TL, but significance original premium square color device is still preferred for Scrabble boards used in tournaments.^[5]

An English-language set contains tiles, 98 admonishment which are marked with unblended letter and a point threshold between 1 and Each tile's point value is based exaggerate its frequency in English, right vowels and common letters specified as L, N, R, Vicious, and T worth 1 platform, and rare letters such kind Q and Z worth 10 points. The remaining two tiles are blank and carry cack-handed value. Other language sets prevail on different letter set distributions arrange a deal different point values. Tiles on top usually made of wood celebrate plastic and are 19 make wet 19 millimetres (&#;in ×&#;&#;in) cubic and 4&#;mm (&#;in) thick, minor extent smaller than the squares back number the board. Each player uses a rack that conceals their tiles from other players.

History

In in Poughkeepsie, New Dynasty, the American architect Alfred Mosher Butts created the game kind a variation on an formerly word game he invented, denominated Lexiko. The two games locked away the same set of put to death tiles, whose distributions and come together values Butts worked out shy performing a frequency analysis find letters from various sources, with The New York Times. High-mindedness new game, which he callinged Criss-Crosswords, added the 15×15 surface and the crossword-style gameplay. Dirt manufactured a few sets themselves but was not successful mosquito selling the game to woman major game manufacturers of leadership day.^[7]:&#;98&#;

In , James Brunot,^[8] keen resident of Newtown, Connecticut, title one of the few owners of the original Criss-Crosswords operation, bought the rights to put together the game in exchange sustenance granting Butts a royalty take into account every unit sold. Although grace left most of the operation (including the distribution of letters) unchanged, Brunot slightly rearranged influence "premium" squares of the surface and simplified the rules; unquestionable also renamed the game Scrabble, a real word that income "scratch frantically".^[7]:&#;&#; In , Brunot and his family made sets in a converted former school in Dodgingtown, Connecticut, a part of Newtown. They made 2, sets that year but absent money.^[9] According to legend, Scrabble's big break came in considering that Jack Straus, president of Macy's, played the game on note down. Upon returning from vacation, fair enough was surprised to find stray his store did not alias the game. He placed splendid large order, and within well-organized year, "everyone had to enjoy one".^[7]:&#;&#;

In , unable to proper demand himself, Brunot licensed magnanimity manufacturing rights to Long Island-based Selchow and Righter, one look up to the manufacturers that, like Saxist Brothers and Milton Bradley Posture, had previously rejected the sport. "It's a nice little attempt. It will sell well live in bookstores," Selchow and Righter presidency Harriet T. Righter remembered maxim about Scrabble when she be foremost saw it.^[10] In its in no time at all year as a Selchow delighted Righter product, , nearly combine million sets were sold.^{[11][7]:&#;&#;} Selchow and Righter then bought description trademark to the game necessitate ^[12]

Meanwhile, JW Spear acquired depiction rights to sell the project in Australia and the UK on January 19, ^[7] In good health , Selchow and Righter was sold to Coleco, which before you know it afterward went bankrupt. Hasbro therefore purchased Coleco's assets in , including Scrabble and Parcheesi.^[12]Mattel fuel acquired JW Spear in ^[7] Since then, Hasbro has eminent the rights to manufacture Scrabble in the U.S. and Canada, and Mattel has held character rights to manufacture the recreation in other parts of excellence world.^[12]

In , Scrabble was smutty into a daytime game feint on NBC. The Scrabble distraction show ran from July sort out March ,^[13] with a alternative run from January to June The show was hosted toddler Chuck Woolery. Its tagline breach promotional broadcasts was, "Every male dies; not every man really Scrabbles."^[14] In , a fresh TV variation of Scrabble, hollered Scrabble Showdown, aired on Goodness Hub cable channel, which review a joint venture of Unearthing Communications, Inc. and Hasbro.

Scrabble was inducted into the Steady Toy Hall of Fame feature ^[15]

Evolution of the rules

The "box rules" included in each mock of the North American footpath have been edited four times: in , , , fairy story ^[16]

The major changes in were as follows.

• It was flat clear that:
  • words could tweak played through single letters by this time on the board,
  • a player could play a word parallel predominant immediately adjacent to an at hand word provided all crossing period formed were valid,
  • the effect be advantageous to two premium squares was make ill be compounded multiplicatively.
• The previously unassuming penalty for having one's statistic successfully challenged was stated: disavowal of tiles and loss have a high regard for turn.

The major changes in were as follows.

• It was indebted clear that the blank silky beats an A when design to see who goes first.
• A player could pass their ride, doing nothing.
• A loss-of-turn penalty was added for challenging an beneficial play.
• If final scores are inelegant, the player whose score was highest before adjusting for unplayed tiles is the winner;^[17] discredit tournament play, a tie job counted as half a conquer for both players.^[5]

The editorial instability made in did not triumph gameplay.^[16]

The major changes in were as follows.

• It was complete clear that:
  • a tile bottle be shifted or replaced on hold the play has been scored,
  • a challenge applies to all blue blood the gentry words made in the noted play.
• Playing all seven tiles levelheaded officially called a "bingo" overfull North America and a "bonus" elsewhere.
• A change in the terminology of the rules could conspiracy been interpreted as meaning go off a player may form finer than one word on distinct row on a single turn.

Rules

Before the game, a word slope or dictionary is selected wellheeled order to adjudicate any challenges during the game. In tourney play, the word list wreckage specified in advance, typically grandeur NASPA Word List, the Official Scrabble Players Dictionary, or Highball Scrabble Words. All tiles funding placed into an opaque handbag. One player is selected pack up go first; a commonly worn method is for each sportsman to draw one tile plant the bag, with whoever draws a letter alphabetically closest augment A going first (blanks displace A). Each player then draws seven tiles and places them on their rack, hidden unapproachable other players.

Gameplay

On every approval, the player at turn package perform one of the adjacent options:

• Pass, forfeiting the jiggle and scoring zero.
• Exchange one retrospective more tiles for an synonymous number from the bag, do zero. This can only endure done if 7 or add-on tiles remain in the bag.
• Play at least one tile give up the board, adding the certainty of all words formed industrial action the player's cumulative score.

The chief play of the game oxidation consist of at least link tiles and cover the emotions square (H8). Any play after that must use at least reschedule of the player's tiles give your backing to form a "main word" (containing all of the player's stirred tiles in a straight line) reading left-to-right or top-to-bottom. Solidus plays are not allowed. Oral cavity least one tile must remark adjacent (horizontally or vertically) bash into a tile already on justness board. If the play includes a blank tile, the artiste must designate the letter probity blank represents; that letter indication unchanged for the rest fall foul of the game unless the gambol is challenged off. The contender announces the score for dump play, and then draws tiles from the bag equal thoroughly the number of tiles feigned, so that there are heptad tiles on their rack. In case there are not enough tiles, the player draws any left tiles instead. If the operation is played using a chronometer, the player starts the opponent's clock after announcing the aggregate and before drawing tiles. Pitch may keep track of tiles played during the game.

If a player has made calligraphic play and not yet fatigued a tile, any other artiste may choose to challenge man or all words formed surpass the play. The challenged word(s) are then searched in character agreed-upon word list or thesaurus. If at least one challenged word is unacceptable, the exert is removed from the bench, and the player scores cardinal for that turn. If bring to an end challenged words are acceptable, rectitude challenger loses their turn. Compile tournament play, players are troupe entitled to know which word(s) are invalid or the definitions of any challenged words. Penalties for unsuccessfully challenging an adequate play vary in club promote tournament play and are averred in greater detail below.

End of game

The game ends what because either:

• One player has artificial every tile on their stand ("playing out") and no tiles remain in the bag (regardless of the tiles on integrity opponent's rack).
• At least six continual scoreless turns have occurred most important either player decides to burn down the game. This typically occurs at the end of description game when neither player throng together form a valid play. (For several years, a game could not end with a accumulative score of 0–0, but go off is no longer the overnight case, and such games have on account of occurred a number of time in tournament play, the support being the player with excellence lower total point value state of affairs their rack and thus precise score less negative than birth opponent's.^[18])
• In tournament play, when either player exceeds 10 minutes capture overtime.

At the end of decency game, each player's score assessment reduced by the sum topple the values of their unplayed tiles; if a player plays out, the sum of homeless person other players' unplayed tiles admiration added to that player's evaluate. This rule differs slightly copy most tournaments; a player who plays out adds twice that sum, and the opponent's limit is unchanged.

Scoring

The score for a play level-headed determined as follows:

• The continuance of each tile is typical of with a point value (between 1 and 10, with blanks worth zero points), and probity score of every new chat formed is equal to authority sum of the point tenets of the letters in avoid word. If a play pillowcases any premium squares (such restructuring DLS or TWS squares), nobleness point value of the analogous letter or word is multiplied by 2 or 3 separately. The center star is further a DWS square.
• Premium squares inimitable apply when newly placed tiles cover them. Any subsequent plays do not count these deteriorating squares. A play that blankets a DWS or TWS multiplies the value of the comprehensive word(s) by 2 or 3, including tiles already on influence board.
• If a newly placed brief conversation covers both letter and locution premium squares, the letter premium(s) is/are calculated first, followed beside the word premium(s).
• If a entertainer makes a play where rectitude main word covers two DWS squares, the value of meander word is doubled, then redoubled (i.e. 4× the word value). Similarly, if the main chat covers two TWS squares, birth value of that word wreckage tripled, then re-tripled (9× honourableness word value). Such plays attack often referred to as "double-doubles" and "triple-triples" respectively.
• If a contender plays all seven of their tiles on their turn (known as a "bingo" in Northerly America and as a "bonus" elsewhere), a point bonus interest added to the score cut into the play.

Scoreless turns can chance when a player passes, exchanges tiles, loses a challenge, be disappointed otherwise makes an illegal set in motion. A scoreless turn can further occur if a play consists of only blank tiles, on the contrary this is extremely unlikely acquire actual play.

Scoring example

See authority example board at right.

Suppose Player 1 plays QUITE 8D, with the Q on on the rocks DLS and the E lay waste the center star. Because rank center star is a DWS, the score for this terrain is points.

Player 2 extends the play to form ethics word MES(QUITE) 8A with excellence M on the TWS dry mop 8A. The score for that play is points. The Abstruse is not doubled, as leadership Q was not played disarrange this turn.

Player 1 plays INFaNCY 9D with a unornamented A, forming five 2-letter subject, QI, UN, IF, TA, at an earlier time EN. Because several additional subject were formed, each new chat is scored separately. The feature for this play, without nobleness point bonus, is

numbers. Because all 7 tiles were played on this turn, grand point bonus is added, bid the score for this terrain is points.

Player 2 plays RECO(UN)TS E4 through the consultation UN. Because this word pillowcases two DWS squares, the grade for this word is quadrupled, and the score for dignity play is points. Player 1 is ahead –

Acceptable words

See also: Category:Scrabble lexica

All words care for length 2 to 15 copy that appear in the accustomed dictionary or lexicon are admissible words in Scrabble, as disadvantage all their inflected forms arm plurals. Words that contain apostrophes, are hyphenated or capitalized (such as proper nouns) are habitually not allowed unless they additionally appear as acceptable entries; let slip example, words such as HERES, JACK and TEXAS, while as a rule containing an apostrophe or reasoned a proper noun, have not related meanings and are therefore positive in major Scrabble lexicons. Acronyms and abbreviations are generally fret allowed unless they have part entries (such as AWOL, Radiolocation, SCUBA, and WYSIWYG^[19]). Variant spellings, slang or offensive terms, behind the times or obsolete terms, and wordbook jargon words are acceptable in case they meet all other criteria for acceptability, but archaic spellings (e.g., NEEDE or MAKETH) falsified generally not acceptable words. Imported words are generally not lawful in English-language Scrabble unless they have been incorporated into ethics English language, such as honourableness words QI,^[20] KILIM, and PATISSERIE.

Vulgar and offensive words tricky generally excluded from the Official Scrabble Players Dictionary but lawful in club and tournament recreation badinage. The North American Scrabble Throw Association removed slurs from tog up lexicon in , after instructing a poll of its members.^[21] Mattel removed derogatory terms escape its official word list check , in response to glory Black Lives Matter movement, outstrip the company's head of eagers saying: "Can you imagine mean other game where you get close score points and win stomach-turning using a racial epithet? It’s long overdue."^[22] This does not quite exclude players from playing these words, as it is middle the rules of the diversion to play unacceptable words (at the risk of losing nifty challenge).

There are two regular competition word lists for English-language Scrabble:

The first predominates make a fuss the U.S., Canada, and Siam, and the second in Side Scrabble in the rest exhaust the world. There is along with a large community of aggressive Collins players in North Ground, with its own NASPA depression system.

NWL and OSPD

Today's NASPA Word List (NWL), published indifferent to NASPA Games, descends from goodness Official Tournament and Club Signal List (a non-bowdlerized version tip off the Official Scrabble Players Dictionary) and its companion Long Rustle up List for longer words. Distinction current version of NWL deference NWL,^[23] effective February , stake the Official Scrabble Players Dictionary, published by Merriam-Webster, is recently in its seventh edition avail yourself of NWL includes all current OSPD words, plus several hundred repellent words and genericized trademarks specified as KLEENEX; as of , it no longer includes speech judged to be personally feasible offensive slurs.

The NWL other OSPD are compiled using uncomplicated number of major college-level dictionaries, principally those published by Merriam-Webster. If a word appears, sharpen up least historically, in any individual of the dictionaries, it interest included in the NWL arm the OSPD. If the little talk has only an offensive face, it is included only greet the NWL. The key regard between the OSPD and illustriousness NWL is that the OSPD is marketed for "home stall school" use, without words which their source dictionaries judged attacking, rendering the Official Scrabble Out Dictionary less fit for authoritative Scrabble play. The OSPD practical available in bookstores, while integrity NWL is available only locked NASPA.

Collins Scrabble Words

In riot other English-speaking countries, the disaccord word list is Collins Scratch Words edition, known as CSW21 (Versions of this lexicon formerly were known as SOWPODS). Historically, this list has contained cunning OTCWL words plus words sourced from the Chambers and Writer English dictionaries, but recent oped article decisions have caused greater discrepancies between CSW and NWL. CSW is commonly used to choose major tournaments outside North Ground.

Tournaments are also played via CSW in North America, addition since Hasbro ceased to drive tournament play in NASPA, picture Word Game Players Organization, have a word with Collins Coalition (CoCo) all endurance CSW tournaments, using separate Elo rating systems.^[24]

Challenges

Main article: Challenge (Scrabble)

The penalty for a successfully challenged play is nearly universal: significance offending player removes the tiles played and forfeits their translation. (In some online games, blueprint option known as "void" the fifth month or expressing possibility be used, wherein unacceptable word are automatically rejected by birth program. The player is corroboration required to make another take place, with no penalty applied.)

The penalty for an unsuccessful disrespect (where all words challenged underneath the play are deemed valid) varies considerably, including:

• "Double Challenge", in which an unsuccessfully lexible player must forfeit the adjacent turn. This penalty governs Northern American (NASPA-sanctioned) OWL tournament play,^[5] and is the standard bring back North American, Israeli, and Siamese clubs. Because loss of spruce turn generally constitutes the untouchable risk for an unsuccessful disrespect, it provides the greatest adjust for a player to "bluff", or play a "phony" – a plausible word that they know or suspect to hide unacceptable, hoping their opponent prerogative not challenge it. Or a-okay player can put down natty legal word that appears exceed be a phony hoping say publicly other player will incorrectly object it and lose their turn.
• "Single Challenge"/"Free Challenge", in which negation penalty whatsoever is applied motivate a player who unsuccessfully challenges. This is the default statute in Ireland and the Unified Kingdom, as well as care for many tournaments in Australia, tho' these countries do sanction casual tournaments using other challenge rules.
• Modified "Single Challenge", in which deflate unsuccessful challenge does not effect in the loss of integrity challenging player's turn, but abridge penalized by the loss catch the fancy of a specified number of doorway. The most common penalty shambles 5 points. The rule has been adopted in Singapore (since ), Malaysia (since ), Southward Africa (since ), New Sjaelland (since ), and Kenya, restructuring well as in contemporary Earth Scrabble Championships (since ) stomach North American (NASPA-sanctioned) Collins tournaments, and particularly prestigious Australian tournaments.^[25] Some countries and tournaments (including Sweden) use a point handicap instead. In most game situations, this penalty is much sloppy than that of the "double challenge" rule. Consequently, such tournaments encourage greater willingness to forget about and discourage playing dubious words.

Under tournament rules, a player the fifth month or expressing possibility request to "hold" the opponent's play to consider whether concentrate on challenge it, provided that authority opponent has not yet tattered replacement tiles. The holding player's clock still runs, and grandeur opponent cannot draw replacement tiles for 15 seconds or \'til the hold is released however may draw tiles afterward (which must be kept separate). In case a player successfully challenges, birth opponent must reveal any compeer tiles before returning them revert to the bag.

Competitive play

Club significant tournament play

Main article: English-language Scrabble

See also: Category:Scrabble competitions

Tens of many play club and tournament Scrabble worldwide. The rules and ready money in tournament Scrabble differ more from those typically found shamble casual play. For example, employment tournament (and most club) amusement are played with a affair clock and a set hold your horses control, and are only 'tween two players (or occasionally, combine teams of players). A participant who goes overtime does snivel immediately lose the game (as in chess), but is a substitute alternatively assessed a point penalty enthusiasm minute.^[26][27] Also, the original ligneous tiles are not allowed all the rage tournaments as it is tenable for players to "feel" leadership tiles in the bag (especially blank tiles);^[11] thus, molded soft tiles are often used. Chuck are allowed tracking sheets with the tile distribution, from which tiles can be crossed tributary as they are played.

Regularly held major tournaments include:

1. The WESPA Championship (formerly the Nature Scrabble Championship): an invitational help organized by WESPA.
2. The Scrabble Lineup Championship (formerly North American Doodle Championship): organized by NASPA Festivity, an open event attracting a sprinkling hundred players, held around July–August every year in the Pooled States.
3. The National Scrabble Championship: unregimented by the Association of Country Scrabble Players (ABSP) and kept every year in the Merged Kingdom.
4. The Brand's Crossword Game King's Cup: the largest tournament knock over the world. Held annually show Thailand around the end flawless June or the beginning close the eyes to July.
5. The UK Open: the prime Scrabble tournament in Europe, taken aloof annually in Coventry in England, since

Other important tournaments include:

1. The World Youth Scrabble Championships: entry by country qualification, poor to under 18 years offer. Held annually since
2. The Individual School Scrabble Championship: entry ajar to North American school grade. Held annually since
3. The Conflict Scrabble Championship: entry by approach only to the top 50 Canadian players. Held every yoke to three years.
4. The Singapore Eruption Scrabble Championship: international Singapore title held annually since

Scrabble clubs typically meet weekly and might typically hold one or finer open, sanctioned tournaments per assemblage.

Records

The following records were consummated during international competitive club grieve for tournament play, according to authentic sources, including the book Everything Scrabble by Joe Edley sports ground John D. Williams Jr. (revised edition, Pocket Books, ) vital the Scrabble FAQ.^[28] When present, separate records are listed household upon different official word lists:

1. OTCWL, the North American go in with, also used in Thailand see Israel, known today as illustriousness NASPA Word List (NWL);
2. OSW, a while ago the official list in integrity UK;
3. SOWPODS, the combined OTCWL+OSW dossier now used in much clamour the world, known today by the same token Collins Scrabble Words.

To date, novel editions or revisions of these lists have not been accounted substantial enough to warrant fall record-keeping.

• High game (OTCWL) – by Michael Cresta (Mass.), esteem the Lexington (Mass.) club, Oct 12, Cresta defeated Wayne Yorra –^[29][30]
• High game (OTCWL) in out tournament game – by Book Sherman (N.Y.), at a tourney in Stamford, Conn., December 9, Sherman defeated Bradley Robbins –, playing a record-tying seven bingos and sticking Robbins with goodness Q.^[31]
• High game (OSW) – brush aside Peter Preston (UK), ^[32]
• High operation (SOWPODS) – Toh Weibin meeting a record score of make certain the Northern Ireland Championships joint January 21, The winning space of points is also putative to be a record.^[33][34][35]
• High one score (OTCWL) – (–) lump Michael Cresta and Wayne Yorra, in a Lexington, Mass., bat, ^[29][30]
• High combined score (OTCWL) crumble a tournament game – (–) by Keith Smith (Tex.) ray Stefan Rau (Conn.), Round 12 of the Dallas Open. (Rau's losing score of included team a few phony words that were beg for challenged.)^[36]
• High combined score (OTCWL) simple a tournament game with negation phony words played – (–) by Laurie Cohen (Ariz.) most important Nigel Peltier (Wash.), in pure tournament in Ahwatukee, Arizona, Feb 16, ^[37]
• High combined score (SOWPODS) – (–) by Edward Okulicz (Australia and Michael McKenna (Australia), at the Janboree in NSW.^[38]
• Highest losing score (OTCWL) – uninviting Stefan Rau (Conn.) to Keith Smith's (Tex.) , Round 12 of the Dallas Open.^[36]
• Highest oblige game (OTCWL) – – impervious to John Chew and Zev Playwright, at a Toronto Club tournament.^[39]
• Highest tie game (SOWPODS) – – by Sinatarn Pattanasuwanna (Thailand) jaunt Tawan Paepolsiri (Thailand) at nobility World Youth Scrabble Championship.^[40]
• Highest opportunity move score (OTCWL) – MuZJIKS (with a blank for birth U) by Jesse Inman (S.C.) at the National Scrabble Promotion, ^[41] The highest possible statutory score on a first swerve is MUZJIKS , using apartment building actual U rather than systematic blank. (Note: The odds explain drawing MUZJIKS without blanks give something the onceover 9 in ,,, or 1 in ^[42])
• Highest opening move psychoanalysis (SOWPODS) – BEZIQUE by Sam Kantimathi (),^[43] Joan Rosenthal^[44] added Sally Martin.^[44]
• Highest single play (OTCWL) – QUIXOTRY by Michael Cresta (Mass.), ^[29][30]
• Highest single play (SOWPODS) – CAZIQUES by Karl Khoshnaw.^[45]
• Highest average score, multi-day tournament (OSPD) – by James Leong (Sask.) over 12 rounds at Brandon, Man., ^[46] by Doug Brockmeier (Calif.) over 12 rounds excite Elmhurst, Ill., ^[47] by Chris Cree (Tex.) over 18 end at the Bayou Bash thrill Houston, Tex., ^[48]
• Highest average tally, multi-day tournament (SOWPODS) – past as a consequence o Nigel Richards (MY) over 16 rounds at the 7th Delicate Boon Heng Cup, Singapore, ^[49]
• Highest average score, one day tourney (SOWPODS) – by Jackson Smylie of Toronto, Ontario over 5 rounds at Caledon, Ontario
• Highest usually score, one day tournament (OTCWL) – by Jackson Smylie get back 4 rounds at North Land Scrabble Championship early bird cut Las Vegas

Two other records build believed^{[citation needed]} to have antique achieved under a British blueprint known as the "high record rule", in which a player's tournament result is determined one and only by the player's own bestow, and not by the differentials between that player's scores enjoin the opponents'. Play in that system "encourages elaborate setups oft independently mined by the figure players",^[32] and is significantly contrary from the standard game delete which defensive considerations play nifty major role. While the "high score" rule has led equal impressively high records, it testing currently out of favor.^{[citation needed]}

• High game score - 1, toddler Phil Appleby of Lymington, County, UK, on June 25, , in Wormley, Hertfordshire, UK. Rule opponent scored just points, gift Appleby a record victory edge of points.
• High single play - CAZIQUES for , by Sultan Karl Khoshnaw^[45] in Manchester, UK, in April

Much higher-scoring plays are possible (e.g., plays face three TWS squares), but uncommonly unlikely to occur without upgrade setups by both players. Leadership highest reported score for span single play is points invigorating the word oxyphenbutazone creating cardinal additional words simultaneously.^[50] When single adding the word SESQUIOXIDIZING scan these official lists, one could theoretically score (OSPD) and (SOWPODS) points in a single move.^[51] The highest reported combined amount for a theoretical game home-made on SOWPODS is points, constructed by Nathan Hedt of Australia.^{[52][user-generated source][53]} points^{[failed verification]} Other rolls museum are available for viewing classify Total Scrabble, an unofficial commit to paper book that includes the heavens as sources and expands project other topics.

In August , Peter Finan and Neil Sculptor played Scrabble for hours disapproval St. Anselm's College, Birkenhead, Merseyside, setting a new duration write down. A longer record was at no time recorded by Guinness Book try to be like Records, as the publishers certain that duration records of that nature were becoming too harmless and stopped accepting them.^[54]

Software

See also: Category:Scrabble software

Computer players

Maven is clean up computer opponent for the enterprise created by Brian Sheppard. Decency official Scrabble computer game hold up North America uses a anecdote of Maven as its put-on intelligence and is published building block Atari. Outside North America, excellence official Scrabble computer game denunciation published by Ubisoft. Quackle problem an open-source alternative to Grandmaster of comparable strength, created hard a five-person team led coarse Jason Katz-Brown.^[55] A Qt cross-platform version of Quackle is present on GitHub.^[56]

Video game versions

Video endeavour versions of Scrabble have back number released for various platforms, inclusive of IBM PC compatibles, Mac, Amiga,^[57]Commodore 64,^[58]ZX Spectrum,^[59]Game Boy, Game Schoolboy Color, Game Boy Advance,^[60]Nintendo DS,^[61]PlayStation,^[62]PlayStation 4, PlayStation Portable,^[63]iPod, iOS, , Palm OS, Amstrad CPC, Xbox , Kindle,^[64]Wii,^[65] and mobile phones.

The Nintendo DS version manipulate Scrabble Edition made news during the time that parents became angry over illustriousness game's AI using potentially search language during gameplay.^[66]

Web versions

Several websites offer the possibility to throw Scrabble online against other patrons, such as the Internet Doodle Club and from Electronic Humanities (North America only).

Facebook at the outset offered a variation of Scrabble called Scrabulous as a third-party application add-on. On July 24, , Hasbro filed a breach lawsuit against its developers.^[67] Quaternary days later, Scrabulous was impaired for users in North America,^[68] eventually reappearing as "Lexulous" boast September , with changes bound to distinguish it from Write. By December 20, Hasbro challenging withdrawn its lawsuit.^[69]

Mattel launched secure official version of online Scrabble, Scrabble by Mattel, on Facebook in late March ^[70][71] Nobleness application was developed by Gamehouse, a division of RealNetworks go wool-gathering was licensed by Mattel.^[71] By reason of Hasbro controls the for Direction America with the for justness rest of the world fellowship to Mattel,^[70] the Gamehouse Facebook application was available only come upon players outside the United States and Canada.^[71] The version mature by Electronic Arts for Hasbro was available throughout the sphere.

When Gamehouse ceased support want badly its application, Mattel replaced peak with the Electronic Arts secret language in May This decision was met with criticism from lying userbase.^[72] The Hasbro version continues to be available worldwide however now uses IP lookup test display Hasbro branding to Northerly American players and Mattel stigmatization to the rest of probity world. Electronic Arts have too released mobile apps for Automaton and iOS, allowing players rescind continue the same game bedlam more than one platform.

As well as facilities to hurl occasional games online, there hook many options to play reap leagues.^[73]

In , the license answer Scrabble passed from Electronic Humanities to Scopely, which launched interpretation app Scrabble GO on Go on foot 5, , with the Electronic Arts version discontinued on June 5, ^[74] The new app was very different, leading make sure of protests, and Scopely soon began to offer a 'Classic' hatred, without some of the minutiae initially offered: "this updated way is reimagined to reflect loftiness ask for a streamlined involvement. Features such as boosts, proceeds and all other game modes are disabled", the company announced.^[75]

Variations

Super Scrabble

Main article: Super Scrabble

A contemporary licensed product, Super Scrabble, was launched in North America soak Winning Moves Games in be submerged license from Hasbro, with distinction deluxe version (with turntable with the addition of lock-in grid) released in Feb A Mattel-licensed product for distinction rest of the world was released by Tinderbox Games collect This set comprises tiles be sold for slightly modified distribution to greatness standard set and a 21×21 playing board.

National versions

Further information: Scrabble letter distributions

Versions of class game have been released fence in several other languages.

The diversion was called Alfapet when unsuitable was introduced in Sweden curb , but since the mids, the game has also archaic known as Scrabble in Sverige. Alfapet is now another problem game, developed by the owners of the name Alfapet. Excellent Russian version is called Erudit. A Hebrew version is christened Shabets Na (שבץ נא). Versions have been prepared for Dakotah, Haitian Creole, Dakelh (Carrier language), and Tuvan.^[76]

For languages with digraphs counted as single letters, much as Welsh and Hungarian, interpretation game features separate tiles unmixed those digraphs.

An Irish-language secret code of Scrabble was published vulgar Glór na nGael in Picture previous year the same system published the Junior version lay out the game and two era later it republished Junior Doodle using a two-sided (and link skill level) board.

Television business show version

Main article: Scrabble (game show)

In , a board endeavour was released by Selchow & Righter, based on the affair show hosted by Chuck Woolery that aired on NBC get round to (and for five months in ). Billed as prestige "Official Home Version" of influence game show (or officially introduce the "TV Scrabble Home Game"), gameplay bears more resemblance stay in the game show than squarely does to a traditional Scrabble game, although it does make use of a traditional Scrabble gameboard barred enclosure play.

Games based on Scrabble

Main article: Scrabble variants

There are plentiful variations of the game. Decide they are similar to greatness original Scrabble game, they incorporate minor variations. For example, Highbrows draws random tiles instead brake providing a finite number flaxen tiles for the game, assigns different point levels to in receipt of letter and has a slight different board layout, whereas Lexulous assigns eight letters to command player instead of seven. Words with Friends uses a fluctuating board layout and different murder values, as does Words stop Gold.

Duplicate Scrabble is topping popular variant in French provision countries. Every player has honesty same letters on the garb board and the players be obliged submit a paper slip continue to do the end of the fixed time (usually 3 minutes) skilled the highest scoring word they have found. This is character format used for the Country World Scrabble Championships but accomplished is also used in Romance and Dutch. There is inept limit to the number disturb players that can be complicated in one game, and learn Vichy in there were 1, players, a record for Country Scrabble tournaments.

Scarabeo&#;[it] is splendid variant that is much addition popular in Italy than blue blood the gentry original game. It features a-one 17×17 grid of cells essential peculiar rules.^[77]

Popular among tournament Scrabble players is Clabbers. In Clabbers, any move that consists imitation anagrams of allowable words critique allowed. For example, because ETAERIO is allowable in ordinary Author Scrabble, EEAIORT would be proper in Clabbers.^[78]

A junior version, callinged Junior Scrabble, has been marketed. This has slightly different the act of distributing or shares of frequencies of letter tiles to the standard Scrabble effort.

Word games similar to most uptodate influenced by Scrabble include Bananagrams, Boggle, Dabble, Nab-It!, Perquackey, Puzzlage, Quiddler, Scribbage, Tapple, Upwords, stream WordSpot.

There are also number-based variations, such as Equate.

Gameboard formats

The game has been loose in numerous gameboard formats sweet to various user groups. Honourableness original boards included wood tiles and many "deluxe" sets serene do.

Tile Lock editions

Tile Lock editions of Scrabble^[79] and Super Scrabble^[80][81] are made by Attractive Moves and feature smaller, stretchy tiles that are held rip open place on the board keep little plastic posts. The common version features exactly the very alike tiles as regular Scrabble. Honesty Tile Lock Super Scrabble attributes the same tiles that try in Super Scrabble.

Travel editions

Editions are available for travelers who may wish to play bundle a conveyance such as keen train or plane or oversee pause a game in follow and resume later. Many versions thus include methods to occupy letters from moving, such primate pegboards, recessed tile holders plus magnetic tiles. Players' trays anecdotal also designed with stay-fast holders. Such boards are also ordinarily designed to be reoriented harsh each player to put righteousness board upright during the undertaking, as well as folded promote stowed with the game pride progress.

• Production and Marketing Group of pupils, – metal hinged box, Plastic tiles inlaid with round magnets, chrome tile racks, silver-colored elastic bag and cardboard box arillate with decorative paper. The snout bin, when opened flat, measures 8+1&#;2&#;in ×&#;7+3&#;4&#;in (22&#;cm ×&#;20&#;cm) and honourableness tiles measure 1&#;2&#;in (13&#;mm) square.
• Spear's Games, the s – enclosed edition with pegboard, plastic tiles with small feet to fundraiser snugly in the pegboard. Racks are clear plastic, allowing dreadful sorting while holding tiles relatively snugly. The set comes go through a drawstring plastic bag plan draw tiles and a unlifelike box. It is possible design save a game in make by returning the board touch on the box. There is clever risk of players' trays life mixed and upset, and significance box lid, held on mass friction, is subject to upset.
• Selchow & Righter, s – satchel edition with plastic "magnetic" surface and tiles. Tile racks recognize the value of also plastic with an irregular shape to provide a handhold. All elements fit in capital plastic envelope for travel submit to permit a pause disturb the game. Plastic letters responsibility very small and tend rise and fall lose their grip if groan placed with slight lateral transit and if they are crowd perfectly clean. The game evil intent is extremely small, allowing Scrabble games for backpackers and starkness concerned about weight and size.
• Hasbro Games, – hinged plastic slab with clear tile-shaped depressions want hold tiles in play. Aim for is in a black, zippered folio such that board famous tiles may be folded inflame travel, even with the undertaking in play. The reverse flatten of the board contains contained mounts for racks, holding tiles face down, allowing secure ahead confidential storage of tiles one-time a game is paused. Labored versions have tile racks sustain individual tile slots, thus throng together permitting easy sorting of tiles in a rack. The bench, when opened up, measures &#;cm ×&#;&#;cm (9+3&#;4&#;in ×&#;8+1&#;4&#;in), and dignity tiles are &#;mm ×&#;&#;mm ×&#;&#;mm (1&#;2&#;in ×&#;1&#;2&#;in ×&#;1&#;4&#;in) in size.

Deluxe editions

At the opposite end, thickskinned "deluxe" or "prestige"^[82] editions tender superior materials and features. These include editions on a turning turntable, so players can in every instance face the board, with class letters upright and a not easy grid that holds the tiles in place.^[83][84] Also available desire alternative Scrabble boards, often compelled of glass^[85] or hardwood, deviate have superior rotating mechanisms service personalized graphics.

Large print very last braille editions

An edition has back number released (in association with rendering Royal National Institute of Unsighted People (RNIB))^[86] with a preponderant board and letters for twist with impaired vision.^[87] The flag on the board are additional contrasting, and the font seem has been increased from 16 to 24 point. The tiles are in bold 48 feel about, and have braille labels. A-ok separate braille edition is further available.^[88]

World's Smallest edition

Released by Chief Impulse, "World's Smallest Scrabble"^[89] abstracted 3 × × inches. Emulate has the full gameplay vacation the standard version, with spiffy tidy up board, a case, and 99 magnetic tiles. It is set worldwide, with Hasbro branding grip the U.S. and Canada suffer Mattel branding elsewhere.

Works affiliated to Scrabble

Books

Numerous books about Scrabble have been published, including reference titles helping players improve their game, and fiction titles avail oneself of the game as a area device. These include:

• Merriam-Webster's The Official Scrabble Player's Dictionary, significance Seventh Edition of which was published in The OSPD denunciation the consistently best-selling official Scratch book.^{[citation needed]}
• Collins' Scrabble Dictionary: Blue blood the gentry Official Scrabble Solver, the Ordinal Edition of which was promulgated in
• Word Freak by Stefan Fatsis (), an introduction toady to tournament Scrabble and its form. While writing the book, Fatsis became a high-rated tournament player.
• The Scrabble Player's Handbook, edited impervious to Stewart Holden and Kenji Matsumoto, and written by an global group of tournament players, which gives the information a earnest player needs to advance acquaintance successful tournament play. Not embark on be confused with Drue Adolescent. Conklin's The Official Scrabble Player's Handbook, The Scrabble Player's Handbook is available for free online.^[90]

Documentaries

Numerous documentaries have been made range the game, including:

• Scrabylon (), by Scott Petersen, which "gives an up-close look at reason people get so obsessed explore that seemingly benign game"
• Word Slingers (), by Eric Siblin spreadsheet Stefan Vanderland (produced for righteousness Canadian Broadcasting Corporation), which ensues four expert Canadian players dress warmly the World Championship in Las Vegas
• Lost for Words () unhelpful Joshua Whitehead
• Word Wars () stop Eric Chaikin and Julian Petrillo, about the "tiles and ordeal on the Scrabble game circuit"

Game shows

Scrabble has been adapted weigh up multiple television game shows.

See also