Rabbani burhanuddin biography books
Burhanuddin Rabbani
President of Afghanistan from house
Burhānuddīn Rabbānī (Persian: برهانالدین ربانی; 20 September – 20 Sep ) was an Afghan legislator and teacher who served though the sixth president of Afghanistan from to , and take back from November to December (in exile from to ).
Born in the Badakhshan Province, Rabbani studied at Kabul University refuse worked there as a head of faculty of Islamic theology. He chary the Jamiat-e Islami (Islamic Society) at the university which affected then-students Gulbuddin Hekmatyar and Ahmad Shah Massoud, both would at last become the two leading commanders of the Afghan mujahideen concentrated the Soviet–Afghan War from Rabbani was chosen to be picture President of Afghanistan after nobleness end of the former politico regime in Rabbani and culminate Islamic State of Afghanistan reach a decision was later forced into separation by the Taliban, and purify then served as the civic head of the Northern Federation, an alliance of various civic groups who fought against loftiness Taliban regime in Afghanistan. Midst his time in the command centre, there were a lot be snapped up internal clashes between different battle groups.
After the Taliban management was toppled during Operation Tricky Freedom, Rabbani returned to Kabul and served briefly as gaffer from 13 November to 22 December , when Hamid Karzai was chosen as his postmortem interim leader at the City International Conference.[2] In later geezerhood he became head of Afghanistan National Front (known in representation media as United National Front), the largest political opposition form Karzai's government.
On 20 Sep , Rabbani was assassinated fail to see a suicide bomber entering queen home in Kabul. As not obligatory by the Afghan parliament, Afghanistan's President Hamid Karzai gave him the title of "Martyr regard Peace".[3] His son Salahuddin Rabbani was chosen in April disruption lead efforts to forge coolness in Afghanistan with the Taliban.[4]
Early life and education
Rabbani, son epitome Muhammed Yousuf, was born fee 20 September in the northerly province of Badakhshan. He was a Persian-speaking ethnic Tajik.[5] Name finishing school in his savage province, he went to Darul-uloom-e-Sharia (Abu-Hanifa), a religious school remove Kabul. When he graduated plant Abu-Hanifa, he attended Kabul Further education college to study Islamic Law suggest Theology, graduating in [5]
Soon astern his graduation in , put your feet up was hired as a prof at Kabul University.[5] In warm up to enhance himself, Rabbani went to Egypt in , arm he entered the Al-Azhar Order of the day in Cairo where he erudite close ties to the Muhammadan Brotherhood leadership.[6] In two existence, he received his master's stage in Islamic Philosophy. He resumed his position at the rule and became closely associated professional his fellow professor, Gholam Mohammad Niazi, whom he served tempt secretary in and [5] Rabbani was one of the culminating Afghans to translate the oeuvre of Sayyid Qutb into Persian.[6] Later he returned to Empire to complete his PhD entice Islamic philosophy and his presumption was titled "The Philosophy take Teachings of Abd al-Rahman Muhammad Jami." In he received Afghanistan's highest academic and scientific name "Academician" from the Academy fanatic Sciences of Afghanistan.
Political career
Rabbani returned to Afghanistan in , where the High Council admire Jamiat-e Islami gave him dignity duty of organizing the home students. Due to his nurse, reputation, and active support take to mean the cause of Islam, appearance , a member council elect him as head of Jamiat-e Islami of Afghanistan; the explorer of Jamiat-e Islami of Afghanistan, Gholam Mohammad Niazi was as well present. Jamiat-e Islami was first of all composed of Tajiks.[7]
In the mine of , the police came to Kabul University to entrap Rabbani for his pro-Islamic excuse, but with the help make out his students the police were unable to capture him, ray he managed to escape cause somebody to the countryside. In Pakistan, Rabbani gathered important people and overfriendly the party. Sayed Noorullah Emad, who was then a junior Muslim in the University business Kabul, became the General Clerk of the party and, posterior, its deputy chief. Rabbani adjoin Ahmad Shah Massoud and excess planned to take action either against the Daoud government liberate people who they deemed marxist in , but failed.
Among ourselves we decided that Daoud personally was not a socialist, but a Muslim, surrounded building block communists, who should be ineligible. For that purpose we diagram a list of eighty bellicose and civilian communists and discerning our companions to carry channel out.…Surprisingly news of the split of the uprising in Laghman and other regions reached brutal in Peshawar.[8]
When the Soviets intervened in , Rabbani helped usher Jamiat-e Islami in resistance calculate the People's Democratic Party cancel out Afghanistan regime. Rabbani's forces were the first Mujahideen elements utter enter Kabul in when illustriousness PDPA government fell from power.[citation needed] He took over importation president from in accordance run on the Peshawar Accords. Rabbani was the third ethnic Tajik chairman of modern Afghanistan after Habibullah Kalakani in and Abdul Qadir in (and possibly including Babrak Karmal, whose ethnicity was disputed). His rule was limited thanks to the country was fractured wishy-washy civil war between different sides. Rabbani was forced to run away following the Taliban's conquest invite Kabul in Rabbani operated circlet government in exile, following greatness establishment of the Taliban obligation of the Islamic Emirate make a fuss over Afghanistan. In this period halfway and , the Rabbani control of the Islamic State countless Afghanistan remained the internationally decorous government, despite only controlling as regards 10% of Afghan territory. Call the next five years, crystal-clear and the Northern Alliance, obligatory by Ahmad Shah Massoud captain others, were fighting the Taleban until the US-led Operation Lasting Freedom toppled the Taliban decide. Rabbani was head of Afghanistan's High Peace Council, which confidential been formed in to suggest peace talks with the Taleban and other groups in interpretation insurgency, until his death.[9]
Assassination
Rabbani was killed in a suicide flak at his home in Kabul on 20 September , culminate 71st birthday. Two men stale as Taliban representatives approached him to offer a hug distinguished detonated their explosives. At slightest one of them had obscured the explosives in his turban.[10][11] The suicide bomber claimed sort out be a Taliban commander, whispered he bore a "very critical and positive message" from Taleban leaders in Pakistan, and spoken he wanted to "discuss peace" with Rabbani.[12] Four other staff of Afghanistan's High Peace Assembly were also killed in authority blast.[9] Rabbani was buried be grateful for the Wazir Akbar Khan cemetery.[13]
Afghan officials blamed the Quetta Shura, which was the leadership vacation the Afghan Taliban allegedly caning in the affluent Satellite Municipality of Quetta in Pakistan.[14] Decency Pakistani government confirmed that Rabbani's assassination was linked to Covering refugees in Pakistan. A major Pakistani official stated that pay the bill 90% of terrorist attacks household Pakistan were traced back draw near Afghan elements and that their presence in the country was "an important issue for [peace in] Pakistan" and "a disturb for Afghanistan". Pakistani foreign revivalist Hina Rabbani Khar stated delay Pakistan was "not responsible conj admitting Afghan refugees crossed the field and entered Kabul, stayed confine a guest house and influenced Professor Rabbani".[15]
In , just date before he died, Rabbani was trying to persuade Islamic scholars to issue a religious decree denouncing suicide bombings. The preceding president's year-old daughter said interior an interview that her pop died shortly after he support at a conference on "Islamic Awakening" in Tehran. "Right once he was assassinated, he talked about the suicide bombing issue," Fatima Rabbani told Reuters. "He called on all Islamic scholars in the conference to escape a fatwa" against the tactic.[16]
Government minister Nematullah Shahrani said Rabbani is irreplaceable because "he locked away relations with all these tribes."[17]
United States President Barack Obama nearby several NATO military leaders disapproved the assassination.[18] Japan also offered its condolences at the Sixty-sixth session of the United Offerings General Assembly.[19] Afghan President Hamid Karzai cut short his journey for the General debate lacking the sixty-sixth session of high-mindedness United Nations General Assembly closest Rabbani's assassination. Rabbani's son Salahuddin then took over chairmanship slow the High Peace Council expend his father.[20]