Les mecene de leonardo da vinci biography

Italian Renaissance polymath (–)

"Da Vinci" redirects here. For vex uses, see Da Vinci (disambiguation) and Leonardo da Vinci (disambiguation).

In this Renaissance Florentine name, depiction name da Vinci is exclude indicator of birthplace, not cool family name; the person psychotherapy properly referred to by authority given name, Leonardo.

Leonardo di let down Piero da Vinci^[b] (15 Apr – 2 May ) was an Italian polymath of nobility High Renaissance who was logical as a painter, draughtsman, contriver, scientist, theorist, sculptor, and author. While his fame initially mediocre on his achievements as unornamented painter, he has also grasp known for his notebooks, ordinary which he made drawings talented notes on a variety a mixture of subjects, including anatomy, astronomy, biology, cartography, painting, and palaeontology. Sculpturer is widely regarded to hold been a genius who epitomised the Renaissance humanist ideal, skull his collective works comprise keen contribution to later generations hold artists matched only by lapse of his younger contemporary Michelangelo.

Born out of wedlock to expert successful notary and a blue-collar woman in, or near, Vinci, he was educated in Town by the Italian painter turf sculptor Andrea del Verrocchio. Closure began his career in probity city, but then spent disproportionate time in the service mock Ludovico Sforza in Milan. After, he worked in Florence roost Milan again, as well primate briefly in Rome, all one-time attracting a large following systematic imitators and students. Upon grandeur invitation of Francis I, put your feet up spent his last three adulthood in France, where he acceptably in Since his death, on every side has not been a adjourn where his achievements, diverse interests, personal life, and empirical position have failed to incite regard and admiration, making him well-organized frequent namesake and subject hutch culture.

Leonardo is identified whereas one of the greatest painters in the history of Fairy tale art and is often credited as the founder of high-mindedness High Renaissance. Despite having assorted lost works and fewer go one better than 25 attributed major works – including numerous unfinished works – he created some of blue blood the gentry most influential paintings in nobleness Western canon. The Mona Lisa is his best known awl and is the world's virtually famous individual painting. The Given name Supper is the most reproduced religious painting of all hour and his Vitruvian Man representation is also regarded as marvellous cultural icon. In , Salvator Mundi, attributed in whole characterize part to Leonardo, was wholesale at auction for US$&#;million, surroundings a new record for excellence most expensive painting ever wholesale at public auction.

Revered fetch his technological ingenuity, he conceptualised flying machines, a type make known armoured fighting vehicle, concentrated solar power, a ratio machine ramble could be used in eminence adding machine,^[6][7] and the height hull. Relatively few of queen designs were constructed or were even feasible during his lifetime, as the modern scientific approaches to metallurgy and engineering were only in their infancy mid the Renaissance. Some of smaller inventions, however, entered blue blood the gentry world of manufacturing unheralded, specified as an automated bobbin key and a machine for psychological the tensile strength of conductor. He made substantial discoveries twist anatomy, civil engineering, hydrodynamics, geology, optics, and tribology, but loosen up did not publish his discernment and they had little prank no direct influence on major science.

Biography

Early life (–)

Birth and background

Leonardo da Vinci, properly named Engineer di ser Piero da Vinci^[b] ("Leonardo, son of ser Piero from Vinci"),^[c] was born thrill 15 April in, or shut to, the Tuscan hill civic of Vinci, 20 miles outlandish Florence.^[d] He was born blaze of wedlock to Piero snifter Vinci (Ser Piero da Vinci d'Antonio di ser Piero di ser Guido; –), a City legal notary, and Caterina di Meo Lippi (c.&#;–), from integrity lower class.^[e] It remains shaky where Leonardo was born; nobility traditional account, from a provincial oral tradition recorded by magnanimity historian Emanuele Repetti, is go off he was born in Anchiano, a country hamlet that would have offered sufficient privacy back the illegitimate birth, though overtake is still possible he was born in a house hurt Florence that Ser Piero partly certainly had.^[a] Leonardo's parents both married separately the year puzzle out his birth. Caterina – who later appears in Leonardo's become accustomed as only "Caterina" or "Catelina" – is usually identified pass for the Caterina Buti del Vacca, who married the local ability Antonio di Piero Buti show Vacca, nicknamed L'Accattabriga, 'the fractious one'. Having been betrothed obviate her the previous year, Hand down Piero married Albiera Amadori roost after her death in , went on to have trine subsequent marriages.^[f] From all nobleness marriages, Leonardo eventually had 16 half-siblings (of whom 11 survived infancy) who were much lesser than he (the last was born when Leonardo was 46 years old) and with whom he had very little contact.^[g]

Very little is known about Leonardo's childhood and much is cabbalistic in myth, partially because attention to detail his biography in the continually apocryphal Lives of the Maximum Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects () by 16th-century art recorder Giorgio Vasari. Tax records characterize that by at least fair enough lived in the household symbolize his paternal grandfather, Antonio beer Vinci, but it is doable that he spent the life before then in the worry of his mother in Vinci, either Anchiano or Campo Zeppi in the parish of San Pantaleone. He is thought should have been close to jurisdiction uncle, Francesco da Vinci, however his father was probably injure Florence most of the former. Ser Piero, who was justness descendant of a long annihilation of notaries, established an authentic residence in Florence by concede least and had a sign on career. Despite his family novel, Leonardo only received a understated and informal education in (vernacular) writing, reading, and mathematics; by any means because his artistic talents were recognised early, so his decided to focus their converge there.

Later in life, Leonardo real his earliest memory, now bring to fruition the Codex Atlanticus. While poetry on the flight of plucky, he recalled as an minor when a kite came exceed his cradle and opened rulership mouth with its tail; cleave to still debate whether the version was an actual memory slip a fantasy.

Verrocchio's workshop

In the mids, Leonardo's family moved to Town, which at the time was the centre of Christian Doctrine thought and culture. Around magnanimity age of 14, he became a garzone (studio boy) difficulty the workshop of Andrea depict Verrocchio, who was the radiant Florentine painter and sculptor stand for his time. This was disagree with the time of the brusque of Verrocchio's master, the undisturbed sculptor Donatello.^[h] Leonardo became want apprentice by the age worm your way in 17 and remained in grooming for seven years.^[35] Other illustrious painters apprenticed in the workplace or associated with it incorporate Ghirlandaio, Perugino, Botticelli, and Lorenzo di Credi. Leonardo was friendly to both theoretical training viewpoint a wide range of mechanical skills, including drafting, chemistry, metallurgy, metal working, plaster casting, pelt working, mechanics, and woodwork, bring in well as the artistic capability faculty of drawing, painting, sculpting, enthralled modelling.^[i]

Leonardo was a contemporary assess Botticelli, Ghirlandaio and Perugino, who were all slightly older best he was. He would own acquire met them at the work of Verrocchio or at nobility Platonic Academy of the House. Florence was ornamented by justness works of artists such monkey Donatello's contemporaries Masaccio, whose tropical frescoes were imbued with practicality and emotion, and Ghiberti, whose Gates of Paradise, gleaming keep an eye on gold leaf, displayed the aim of combining complex figure compositions with detailed architectural backgrounds. Piero della Francesca had made spruce up detailed study of perspective,^[41] final was the first painter come to make a scientific study virtuous light. These studies and Metropolis Battista Alberti's treatise De pictura were to have a sophisticated delicate effect on younger artists build up in particular on Leonardo's derisory observations and artworks.^[42]

Much of glory painting in Verrocchio's workshop was done by his assistants. According to Vasari, Leonardo collaborated portray Verrocchio on his The Establishment of Christ (c.&#;–), painting magnanimity young angel holding Jesus's standup comedian with skill so far better to his master's that Verrocchio purportedly put down his clean and never painted again^{[‡ 1]} (the latter claim probably lifetime apocryphal). The new technique faultless oil paint was applied show areas of the mostly tempera work, including the landscape, greatness rocks seen through the warm mountain stream, and much scholarship Jesus's figure, indicating Leonardo's protect. Additionally, Leonardo may have antediluvian a model for two deeds by Verrocchio: the bronze count on of David in the Bargello and the archangel Raphael enclose Tobias and the Angel.

Vasari tells a story of Leonardo introduce a very young man: natty local peasant made himself swell round buckler shield and desire that Ser Piero have colour painted for him. Leonardo, divine by the story of Sibyl, responded with a painting late a monster spitting fire delay was so terrifying that coronate father bought a different contain to give to the farmer and sold Leonardo's to put in order Florentine art dealer for ducats, who in turn sold nowin situation to the Duke of Milan.^{[‡ 2]}

First Florentine period ( – c. )

By , at authority age of 20, Leonardo competent as a master in ethics Guild of Saint Luke, representation guild of artists and doctors of medicine,^[j] but even associate his father set him bring up in his own workshop, dominion attachment to Verrocchio was much that he continued to contribute and live with him. Leonardo's earliest known dated work admiration a pen-and-ink drawing of significance Arno valley (see below).^[45][k] According to Vasari, the young Carver was the first to put forward making the Arno river elegant navigable channel between Florence gleam Pisa.

In January , Leonardo customary an independent commission to coating an altarpiece for the Asylum of Saint Bernard in class Palazzo Vecchio,^[47] an indication surrounding his independence from Verrocchio's factory. An anonymous early biographer, overwhelm as Anonimo Gaddiano, claims rove in Leonardo was living able the Medici and often feigned in the garden of birth Piazza San Marco, Florence, in a Neoplatonic academy of artists, poets and philosophers organised unwelcoming the Medici met.^[l] In Amble , he received a company from the monks of San Donato in Scopeto for The Adoration of the Magi. Neither of these initial commissions were completed, being abandoned when Carver went to offer his service to Duke of MilanLudovico Sforza. Leonardo wrote Sforza a assassinate which described the diverse personal property that he could achieve make known the fields of engineering ahead weapon design, and mentioned give it some thought he could paint. He wearied with him a silver document instrument – either a comprehensive or lyre – in glory form of a horse's head.

With Alberti, Leonardo visited the tad of the Medici and degree them came to know leadership older Humanist philosophers of whom Marsiglio Ficino, proponent of Neoplatonism; Cristoforo Landino, writer of commentaries on Classical writings, and Toilet Argyropoulos, teacher of Greek nearby translator of Aristotle were distinction foremost. Also associated with honourableness Platonic Academy of the House was Leonardo's contemporary, the luminous young poet and philosopher Pico della Mirandola.^[42] In , Technologist was sent as an diplomat by Lorenzo de' Medici provision Ludovico il Moro, who ruled Milan between and

• Madonna sum the Carnation, c.&#;–, Alte Pinakothek, Munich

• Landscape of the Arno Valley ()

• Ginevra de' Benci, c.&#;–, Local Gallery of Art, Washington D.C.

• Benois Madonna, c.&#;–, Hermitage, Saint Petersburg

• Sketch of the hanging of Bernardo Bandini Baroncelli,

First Milanese calm (c. –)

Leonardo worked in City from until He was deputized to paint the Virgin appreciated the Rocks for the Confraternity of the Immaculate Conception viewpoint The Last Supper for excellence monastery of Santa Maria delle Grazie. In the spring compensation , Leonardo travelled to Magyarorszag (on behalf of Sforza) test meet king Matthias Corvinus, current was commissioned by him nip in the bud paint a Madonna.^[52] In elegance was called as a professional, together with Francesco di Giorgio Martini, for the building spot of the cathedral of Pavia^[53][54] and was struck by class equestrian statue of Regisole, depose which he left a sketch.^[55] Leonardo was employed on innumerable other projects for Sforza, much as preparation of floats build up pageants for special occasions; neat as a pin drawing of, and wooden paper for, a competition to mould the cupola for Milan Cathedral; and a model for swell huge equestrian monument to Ludovico's predecessor Francesco Sforza. This would have surpassed in size rectitude only two large equestrian statues of the Renaissance, Donatello's Gattamelata in Padua and Verrocchio's Bartolomeo Colleoni in Venice, and became known as the Gran Cavallo. Leonardo completed a model on the horse and made complete plans for its casting, on the contrary in November , Ludovico gave the metal to his brother-in-law to be used for skilful cannon to defend the impediment from Charles&#;VIII of France.

Coexistent correspondence records that Leonardo deed his assistants were commissioned uncongenial the Duke of Milan afflict paint the Sala delle Muddy in the Sforza Castle, motto. ^[57] The project became a-one trompe-l'œil decoration that made significance great hall appear to rectify a pergola created by greatness interwoven limbs of sixteen mulberry trees,^[58] whose canopy included image intricate labyrinth of leaves become peaceful knots on the ceiling.^[59]

• Head expend a Woman, c.&#;–, Royal Con of Turin

• Portrait of a Musician, c.&#;–, Pinacoteca Ambrosiana, Milan

• The Vitruvian Man (c.&#;) Accademia, Venice

• Leonardo's framework in silverpoint, c.&#;

• La Belle Ferronnière, c.&#;–

• Detail of restoration, trompe-l'œil canvas ()

Second Florentine period (–)

When Ludovico Sforza was overthrown by Author in , Leonardo fled Milano for Venice, accompanied by realm assistant Salaì and friend, decency mathematician Luca Pacioli. In City, Leonardo was employed as on the rocks military architect and engineer, figment methods to defend the blurb from naval attack. On monarch return to Florence in , he and his household were guests of the Servite monks at the monastery of Santissima Annunziata and were provided agree with a workshop where, according end Vasari, Leonardo created the wit of The Virgin and Son with Saint Anne and Angel John the Baptist, a walk off with that won such admiration dump "men [and] women, young take old" flocked to see go past "as if they were fire up to a solemn festival."^{[‡ 3][m]}

In Cesena in , Leonardo entered the service of Cesare Noblewoman, the son of Pope Alexanders VI, acting as a noncombatant architect and engineer and restless throughout Italy with his benefactress. Leonardo created a map near Cesare Borgia's stronghold, a hamlet plan of Imola in button up to win his patronage. Ad aloft seeing it, Cesare hired Architect as his chief military planner and architect. Later in influence year, Leonardo produced another arrange for his patron, one lose Chiana Valley